Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Healthy aging (Cognitive reserve (Christensen (Limitation (cross sectional…

- - - - moderates pathology and clinical outcome
    - - Brain reserve
        
        more alzheimer in small brains
        
        Passive
        
        if you have more brain you can lose
      - Coginitive reserve
        
        active form
        
        Preexisting cognitive-processing or compensatory mechanisms
        
        cognitively stimulating activities slow atrophy rate of hippocampus in healthy aging
        
        educational and occupational experiences can create reserve against effects of alzheimers pathology
        
        High cognitive reserve
        
        more advanced pathology at onset of cognitive decline
        
        more rapid decline rate
        
        You don't need as much brain if it is effective
    - - neural reserve
        
        cognitive reserve could be associated with individual differences in pre-existing cognitive networks
        
        more cognitive
      - neural compensation
        
        some might be better at using compensatory mechanisms
    - - high reserve, more toleration of atrophy in first network, doesnt need to use second network
      - high reserve, may use resources that are seperate from those directly involved in the task
  - - - cross sectional study
- - - - many neurofibrilarry tangles and plaques
    - - MMSE
        
        27
    - - Many diseases (cancer, heart disease,...)
      - very low body weight
      - all associated with poor cognitive performance
    - - Most plaques in neocortex and some tangles in hippocampus
      - Low brain weight
      - no brain infarcts
    - - few tangles in neocortex and no lesions
        
        may have lead to good performance
      - not enough lesions to qualify for clinical diagnosis
    - - Khachaturian criterion
        
        based on nr of cortical senile plaques
        
        higher ability to discriminate
        
        Was met by mary
      - CERAD criterion
        
        based on nr of neocortical neuritic plaques
        
        was not met by mary
      - tangles should also be considered
        
        neocortical neurofibrillary tangles had strongest association with dementia in nun study
  - - - also related to dementia
    - - Alzheimers had lower idea density scores in early life
        
        may reflect neurological/cognitve development which might increase susceptibility to alzheimers
    - - Maybe some already had AD at first timepoint
- - - - Usual
        
        non pathologic but high risk
      - Successful
        
        low risk, high function
        
        3 main components
        
        low probability of disease
        
        also risk factors
        
        High cognitive and functional capacity
        
        potentials for activity
        
        Active engagement with life
        
        interpersonal relations
        
        emotional support
        
        Instrumental support
        
        Productive activities
        
        Predicted by functional capacity, education and self-efficacy
    - - genetic
        
        SATSA (swedish adoption/twin study of aging)
        
        Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease
        
        3 consitent findings
        
        not intrinsic factors alone but also extrinsic (lifestyle)
        
        In age contribution of genetic factors decreases
        
        Usual aging characteristics are modifiable (?)
      - New risk factor
        
        underlying physiological reserve
        
        joint index of physical performance and physiological measures was excelent predictor of mortality 5 years later
    - - education
        
        strongest predictor
        
        2 mechanisms
        
        direct beneficial effect
        
        more late intellectual activities
      - Pulmonary peak expiratory flow rate
        
        predicts mortality and cognitive function
      - physical activity
        
        increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (helps repair and growth) in hippocampus and neocortex
      - Perceived self efficacy
        
        belief in own capabilities
    - - ....
    - - resilience