Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Corrections (History of corrections (Penitentiary: 1790-1860, isolation…
Corrections
History of corrections
Colonial Period: 1600-1790, based on Anglican code, incorporated fines, corporal and capital punishment. Rooted in religious philophy
Penitentiary: 1790-1860, isolation and labor, reformation via suffering, separate vs congregate
Separate vs Congregate
Pennsylvania System: Separate system, Quaker idea of reformation by isolation. Walnut street jail/Eastern State Pen
New York: Congregate System, Auburn Pen, New York. Isolated at night, work together during day. Began contract labor system involving inmates
Convict Leasing: Post-Civil War South. "Plantation model" of Crrections. "Incorporation of African Americans into correction system for use as slave labor". "Slavery by another Name"
Reformation Movement: 1870-1890. National Prison Association meeting, Cincinnati, 1870. Inmate change rewarded by release. Indeterminate sentences. Separation of sexes
-
Rehabilitation: 1930-1960. Progressive/medical model. Focus on environmental and offender rehab. Rehab via:medical/psychological treatment, vocational training, education
Community model: 1960-1970. Root in civil unrest, distrust of government. Civil rights movement. Vietnam war. Focus of reintegration and community programming.
Crime Control: 1970-2000. "Nothing works" Martinsen. Get tough on crime. Longer sentences, mandatory sentences, 3 strikes legislation, greater use of incarceration
-
Jail & Prisoner rights
-
8th amendment: punishment shocks conscience civilized society. Unnecessarily cruel. Is beyond legitimate penal aims.
-
14th Amendment:
Due Process- Wolff v McDonnell 1974: basic procedural right in disciplinary hearings, sanctions.
-
-
-
Legal Liab
Cooper v Plate 1964. Monell v dept of social servies 1978. May sue employee due to violation by agency's customs and usages: policy, poor supervisions, inadequate or insufficient training.
Rarely are payouts large; employees pay personally.