Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Chemical Bonds (Covalent bonding: involves the sharing of pairs of…
Chemical Bonds
Covalent bonding: involves the sharing of pairs of electrons
Sigma Bond: Single: 1 pair i.e H-H, Cl-Cl
Sigma & Pi Bond: Double bond: 2 pairs i.e O=O
Sigma & 2 Pi Bonds: Triple: 3 Pairs i.e N=N
Non-Polar - equal distribution of charge between the two atoms in the bond
Electronegativity differnece determines bond types
0<0.4 - Covalent >0.4,1.7 Polar Covalent >1.7 Ionic
Polar i.e Water, Alcohol
Non-Polar i.e Cooking Oil, Petrol
Ionic Bonding: the result of electron transfer
Liitations: H, He, Li, Be - 2 electrons in outer shell
Octet Rule: Having 8 electrons in the outer shell give an atom or ion stability
Cations - metals loose electrons, form positive ions i.e Groups I, II ,III - form + charges
Anions - Non-metals gain elections, form negative ions i.e Groups: V, VI, VII - Form - charge
Everyday Uses
Salt (NaCl) Tablets replace salt lost ny sweating
Iron Sulphate tablets to cure anemia - Fe ions in haemoglobin which carries O2
Characteristics of Ionic Substances
Form Crystal Lattices
High Melting & Boiling Points - each ion held in place by many ions of opposite charge
Solids do not conduct (insulators), their brittle
Liquids & solutions conduct w/ electrolysis
9 like dissolve like)ManY- Soluble in Water
Noble Gases
Monatomic
Unreactive
Valency
Is the combining power of an atom