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DNA (DNA replication (DNA must be copied when cells divide, replication…
DNA
DNA replication
DNA must be copied when cells divide, replication takes place during interphase
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Free floating nucleotides join with exposed nitrogenous bases, forms hydrogen bonds
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New molecules contain one strand of the original and one of the new strands which is called semi-conservative replication
DNA structure
Two polynucleotide strands, twists to form a double helix structure
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Cystic Fibrosis
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- controlled diet and enzyme pills
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Gene Therapy
Germ Line gene therapy
- using IVF the zygote is screened for genetic abnormalities
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Somatic gene therapy
- normal working gene is cut out of a human chromosome using restriction enzymes
- a suitable vector is chosen which will target the defective cells
- suitable vectors include: viruses and liposomes
- Somatic gene therapy brings the benefit of targeting a particular tissue e.g. in cyctis fibrosis the therapy would solce the problem of congested lungs.
- with somatic gene therapy the cure is not passed onto offspring.
Translation
Process
- mRNA codons which code for a specific amino acid
- Small subunit of ribosome move to initiation site
- tRNA contains an anticodon which is complementary to the mRNA it binds to with a methionine attached to the end
- Large subunit of ribosome binds to create A or P site
- Methionine attach to each other as each new tRNA goes into the A site, and tRNA without methionine moves out of the P site - elongation
- When a release factor enters the translation is terminated and new protein is released
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