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Concept Map IV: Corrections (Jail - hold those awaiting trial, executes…
Concept Map IV: Corrections
Probation
centralized vs. decentralized administration: combined with parole, probation offices are active in these cases, writes pre- sentence cases and attends court.
types of consequences: fines, restitution, forfeiture
Community corrections: less expensive than incarceration and offenses are not that serious
Parole
- conditional release of an offender from incarceration, but not from legal counsel
focus: grace, contract, custody
Origins of Parole:
Maconochie created British penal colonies in Tasmania and included steps to liberty which was strict imprisonment, labor on chain gang, limited freedom, ticket of leave, and full restoration of liberty.
challenges of parole:
few belongings, small amounts of money, employment and housing.
revocation of parole:
technical violation( two- step revocation process), use of intermediate sanctions
types of release
expiration release:
completes maximum court sentence
mandatory release:
maximum/ minus good time or when a percentage of time has been completed.
discretionary release:
parole board decision to release to parole supervision with intermediate sentencing states.
Intermediate sanctions
(types)
day reporting:
daily check- ins and often require programming
home confinement:
requires phone service, costly to offender
community service:
less costly than other forms of intermediate sanctions, involves more community based labor
intense supervision probation
probation and institutional diversion.
Jail
- hold those awaiting trial, executes sentences of misdemeanors, houses both state and federal and hold more un- convicted than convicted.
common issues of jails:
poor conditions, lack of programming and services, suicide rates.
1st amendment
: Proconier v. Martinez(1974): mail censorship only with demonstration of compelling government interest.
14th amendment:
Wolft v. McDonnell(1974): due process, basic procedural rights in disciplinary hearing.
4th amendment:
Hudson v. Palmer(1984): cell search and confiscation of items without suspicion or wrongdoing or jurisdiction.
Bell v. Wolfish(1979): body searches permissible to fit institutional need and not intending to degrade.
8th amendment:
: unnecessarily cruel punishments and punishments shock civilized society.