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Chapter 51-53 (Population Ecology (Population Ecology (Population (group…

- - - - group of individuals of a single species living in the same general area
- - - - study of the ecological and evolutionary basis for animal behavior
    - - sequence of unlearned acts linked to stimulus
      - sign stimulus
        
        trigger for behavior
    - - regular long distance change of location
    - - transmission and reception of signals between animals
      - signals
        
        stimulus transmitted from one organism to another
    - - chemical substances that can be used to communicate
  - - - the young of
        one species are placed in the care of adults from another
        species in the same or a similar environment.
    - - researchers compare the
        behavior of identical twins
        raised apart
  - - - specific time period in which imprinting takes place
  - - - devising a method to proceed from one state to another in the face of obstacles
    - - observing the behavior of others
      - culture
        
        system of info transfer through social learning or teaching that influences behavior
      - foraging
        
        food obtaining behavior
        
        optimal foraging behavior
        
        natural selection favors minimized risk and maximized gains
  - - - one mating partner for life
    - - multiple mating partners
  - - - exchange of aid
- - - - subdisciplines of physiological, evolutionary, and behavioral ecology
    - - group of individuals of the same species living in
        an area
      - analyzes factors that affect population
        size and how and why it changes through time
    - - community ecology
        
        examines how interactions between species, such as
        predation and competition, affect community structure and organization.
      - group of populations of different species in an area
    - - community of organisms in an area and
        the physical factors with which those organisms interact
      - ecosystem ecology
        
        mphasizes energy flow and chemical
        cycling between organisms and the environment
    - - connected ecosystems
      - landscape ecology
        
        factors
        controlling exchanges of energy, materials, and organisms
        across multiple ecosystems
    - - global ecology
        
        regional exchange of energy
        and materials influences the functioning and
        distribution of organisms across the biosphere
  - - - very fine,
        localized patterns in climatic conditions
    - - directional
        change to the global climate that lasts three decades or more