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Behaviour Modification (Steps Involved in OB MOD Programme (Step 1 -…
Behaviour Modification
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Behaviour Modification
Environmental theory of motivation emphasis on external factors (what comes after the behaviour & not what causes the behaviour in the 1st place)
make use of reinforcement theories whereby both +ve & -ve reinforcement strengthen desirable behaviour while extinction & punishment weaken undesirable behaviour
a technique for applying the concepts of reinforcement theory in organisation settings (Law of Effect)
To maximise value of reinforcement (+ve/-ve):
Law of Contingent Reinforcement - reward must be contingent on the desired behaviour
Law of Immediate Reinforcement - reward must be administered as soon as possible after the desired behaviour has occured
Schedules of +ve Reinforcement: refers to what reinforcers are used, when & at what frequency
Behaviour Shaping: One powerful technique used to shape behavour, learning complex behaviour through reinforcing successive behaviour that comes closer & closer in approximation to desired behaviour. As behaviour progress to desired level, reinforcement is gradually withheld
Continuous Reinforcement: frequency of administration - rewarding a behaviour each & every time it occurs; use for reinforcing a new behaviour that previously had not been exhibited which leads to rapid learning & will create an association between behaviour and reinforcement, thus no long-term learning takes place. Hence, once reinforcement is removed, desired behaviour will cease
Intermittent (Partial) Reinforcement: frequency of administration - rewarding a behaviour often enough to make it worth repeating but not every time the desired behaviour is demonstrated; use for stable/high-frequency behaviour
Fixed Interval: given at specific amt of time has elapsed regardless of behaviour being exhibited; easy to use but learning is slow as depends on timing of reinforcer & has a moderately fast extinction rate
Fixed Ratio: given after a fixed no. of behaviour have exhibited regardless of the amt of time that hass lapsed between the occurrences of the behaviour; response stability high but w/ rapid extinction rate when no. of desired behaviour met
Variable Interval: given after an average amt of time has passed; provides some elements of surprise & produces a slower & steady rate of response
Variable Ratio: most powerful schedule for maintaining desired behaviour, reinforcement delivered after an unpredictable approximate no. of desirable behaviour are exhibited; response stability similar w/ fixed ratio schedules but extinction of desired behaviour is very slow as when reward to be given is unknown
Organisation Behaviour Modification: the application of the principle of operant conditioning to organisational settings in an attempt to alter employee behaviour
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