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One Child Policy/Marriage Market (Children (Under pressure to marry and…
One Child Policy/Marriage Market
Parents
Pressure for child to succeed
All money and resource into one child
Need to carry on the family name
'Orphan parents' - child died when the parents were too old to have another one
Children
Immense pressure to succeed
Difficulty finding jobs
'ant tribe' - moving to city, settling for low-paying jobs and living in warrens
Under pressure to marry and continue line, esp males
More difficult to find a wife due to imbalance of gender ratio
Need to take care of 2 parents and 4 grandparents - 4:2:1 structure - easier to do if married
Increase in aging population
Deep-seated Confucian values - filial piety
Man in Melbourne
Market in fake girlfriends and boyfriends
Female infanticide and neglect
Less common than western media thinks but still happens
Often spoilt - 'little emperors', worries about childhood obesity
State
Difficult to enforce policy
Have to pay a fine to go over - richer families can have more children
Less enforced in countryside
Often allowed to have another child if the first is a girl
Forced abortions and strelisiations
2013 - 2 child if parent is an only child
2015 - policy officially ended
Claim 400 mil births prevented - prob more like 200 mil
Negative for China's image
Marriage
Marriage market
LGBTQ+
Parents trying to find partners for their LGBTQ+ children - removed by police
Direct route to marriage
Parents advertise their children/look for partners
Leftover women
Government pushing idea of leftover women - unmarried women
Government claiming a new trend of women liking older men - as that age is more unmarried
Balance gender ratio
Ideas of civil unrest - unmarried men likely to be more violent
All China Women's Federation
government sponsored organisation - cut off 27, yellowed pearls
Statistically more leftover men or 'bare branches'
Image in China
Beauty ad campaign - changing ideals
Xu Jinglei, actress, went to the US to freeze her eggs in 2015
New creature - single Chinese woman
Controversy
Had to go the US as she was single
Hard to get a birth permit if an unmarried woman
Women pushed into marriage
More eager to marry - do not push for finiancial equality
70% of women help to buy houses but only 30% have names on deeds - no right to house if marriage ends
Not in control of their finances
Encouragement of women to go back into the home
Employment rates of women have fallen
Free up space for men
Some reject marriage on principle
Gender ratio
More men than women due to aftereffects of one child policy
Men have to be more competitive - have to have own apartment, good job etc