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Categorising Mental Disorders (DSM (Mental Health Professionals use - UK,…
Categorising Mental Disorders
ICD
1992 - Published by the World Health Organisation and used in many countries
Chapter 5 is mental disorders
In 10th edition
Purpose of Classification
Communication - It enables us to communicate with each other about the disorders which they deal with. This involves using names of categories as standard to summarise a great deal of information
Control - It refers to their treatment and prevention.
Comprehension - Understanding causes of disorders and processes in their development
Similarities of the Categorising Models
Both use categories to identify groups of disorders.
Both are created by professional bodies
Both updated and revised regularly
Both are socially sensitive and have implications for clients in terms of labelling
Both have criteria and symptoms for diagnosis
Both rely on observed and self-reported symptoms
DSM
Mental Health Professionals use - UK, USA, and much of the world
Currently in its 5th edition
1952 - American Psychiatric Association
Medial mode determine to find the appropriate treatment for an individual by establishing categories of symptoms
Differences of Categorising Models
Labels can differ across the two systems e.g. neurotic/psychotic
ICD includes all diseases, whereas DSM is only mental health based disorders
ICD - world health organisation and various health agencies, whereas DSM - american psychiatrists
DSM is theory based causes, whereas in the DSM there are no causes identified.
DSM there is a fee charged whereas ICD is free for use
The DSM is more holistic with psychosocial factors
Advantages of categorising
Makes it easier to make a diagnosis
Helps the patient understand what is
wrong with them
Leads to treatments
Universal classification systems therefore
diagnosis should be more reliable
Understanding and support from others
Ability to set future goals and reduce
suffering
May initiate benefits/financial support
DSM is regularly monitored and reviewed
and updated, this allows psychiatrists to
discuss and share problems as they arise.
Disadvantages of categorising
Labelling and prejudice may be a result
A self-fulfilling prophecy may affect behaviour
Problem with faking and misdiagnosis
Financial corruption and conflict
Misinterpreting symptoms (out of context) - The
DSM is complex to use. Many symptoms overlap.
Even if a patient has no recognised symptoms they
can be diagnosed as ‘personality disorder unknown’
Has not led to reliable diagnosis and research
shows that still different doctors will use
different categories and different drugs to treat
the same patients.
Self reporting issues
Bias in diagnosis – racial; Ethnocentric; gender
The interpretation of the symptoms is very
subjective (Rosenhan)
Social control issues