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Rio de janeiro - Challenges and solutions (Environment (Traffic: One of…
Rio de janeiro - Challenges and solutions
Migration - Causes 83% of urban growth
Pull:
Push:
Environment
Traffic: One of the most congested cities in South America. steep mountains mean roads can only be built on coast low land. Tunnels through the mountains are needed to connect different areas of the city. number of cars have increased by over 40%. High crime levels mean that man people travel by car
Expansion of metro system under Guananbara Bay, to South Zone and Barra da Tijuc. New toll roads to reduce congestion. Making coast roads one way during rush hour to improve traffic flow and fumes released
Air pollution: Estimated to cause around 5000 deaths per year in Rio.Smog often covers city. Due to heavy traffic building up exhaust fumes. Mist from the Atlantic mixes with vehicle exhaust fumes and pollution from industry.
Expansion of metro system under Guananbara Bay, to South Zone and Barra da Tijuc. New toll roads to reduce congestion. Making coast roads one way during rush hour to improve traffic flow and fumes released
Water Pollution: High pollution levels have caused the decline in commercial fishing by 90% in the last 20 years. Danger of pollution affecting the beaches where tourists and the local economy thrive. 55 rivers flowing into the bay are heavily polluted. Rivers are polluted by run off from open sewers in the favellas. over 200 tonnes of raw sewage pours into the bay each day.
aid has been used to reduce the amount of sewage being released into the bay. !2 new sewage works have been built since 2004. Ships are fined for discharging fuel into the bay illegally. 5km of new sewage pipes have been installed around the badly populated areas
Waste pollution: The worst waste issues are in the favellas. Streets have minimal access so waste management vehicles cannot reach to waste. This means the waste is dumped and pollutes the water ways and causes diseases like cholera and encourages rats.
A power plant has been built using methane from rotting rubbish, it consumes 30 tonnes of rubbish a day and produces enough electricity for 1000 homes
Economic
Crime: Robbery and violent crime cause challenges in Rio. Murder, Kidnapping, carjacking and armed assault occur regularly. Powerful gangs control drug trafficking in the many of the favelas. Police have taken steps to control crime.
Solution: Pacifying Police Units were established to reclaim favelas from drug dealers. Polive have taken control of crime-dominated Complexo do Alemao and 30 smaller favelas.
Unemployment: 2015 recession caused further unemployment. People have protested high taxes, inadequate health care and poor education. Unemployment caused the wealth gap in Rio
Solution: Employment opportunities need to be created, such as development of industry for factory workers to enable a stable pay source and help reduce the wealth gap. Education programmes to increase employ ability are in place
Informal sector issue: Unemployment causes the creation of other jobs that are not taxed. Therefore the government receives no income from money earned. No income from 3.5 million workers who do not pay tax from the
Solution: Reduce unemployment using education strategies such as re-education of adults to reduce the informal sector.
Social
Water issues: Around 12% of Rio's population have no access to running water. 37% of water is lost through leaky pipes, fraud and illegal access.
Most of the work has been improving the quality and quantity of water in the favelas and Olympic park. seven new treatment plants were built between 1998 and 2014, and over 300 km of pipes were laid .
Energy issues: Frequent blackouts from the shortage of energy, many people living in the poor ares tap into the electricity supply which is unsafe and illegal
Solution: Higher energy production is needed, with 60km of new power lines.
Building a new nuclear power plant.
Developing the new hydro electric power dam.
Education issue: Education in Brazil is compulsory for children aged 6-14 years. only half the children continue their education from 14 and beyond. Many get involved in drug trafficking.
Low level of enrollment in Brazil.
Solution: Encouraging local people to volunteer to help in schools.
Giving school grants to poor families to help meet the cost of keeping their children in education.
Making money available to pay for free lessons in volleyball, football, swimming and squash in Rocinha favela.
Health issue: Only 55% had a local family health clinic. Services for pregnant women are very limited, especially in the west zone.
Solutions: Health care specialists went into the favela and treated 20 differnet diseases, this has lowered infant mortality and death rate dramatically