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Rosehan (1973) (Study 1 (Qualitative Findings (Spent an average of 19 days…
Rosehan (1973)
Study 1
- IV - reporting of symptoms
- DV - diagnosis/patient-staff interactions/length of stay
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Procedure: Field experiment with covert participant observation and self report. Eight sane people, three women and five men acted as pseudo patients. Rosehan took part and the others had a variety of different jobs (e.g. painter, housewife, student, psychiatrist)
Gave false names and occupations, other information was true. They made appointmetn at the hospitals reporting hearing voices saying "hallow", "thud" and "empty". Once admitted said the voices has stopped and acted normally.
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Qualitative Findings
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Behaviours the staff labelled as abnormal 1 Writing notes in their diary (compulsive writing behaviour) 2 Queuing early for lunch (oral acquistive syndrome) 3 Pacing around the ward
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Study 2
- IV - Told to expect pseudopatients and DV - Whether staff indentified any pseudopatients
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Procedure - a large teaching group doubted Rosehans findings so he told staff to expect pseudopatients in the next 3 months. Asked to judge the next 193 patients on a scale of 1-10 (not genuine/genuine). Rosenhan didn't send any.
Findings
- 41 genuine patients were judged to be a PP by one member of staff
- 23 genuine patients were judged to be a PP by one psychiatrist
- 19 genuine patients were judged to be a PP by a psychiatrist and a member of staff
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Aims: to extend efforts of previous researchers who had submitted themselves to psychiatric hospitalisation. To test the DSM to see if it was valid and reliable
Overall conclusions - Psychiatrist can't reliably tell the difference between a sane and an isane person. 1ST STUDY - failed to detect sanity (type 1 error), 2ND STUDY - failed to detect insanity (type 2 error). Psychiatric diagnosis is subejctive and labels are 'sticky'