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Feline Coronavirus and FIP (FIP fluid (Viscous, Straw coloured, High…
Feline Coronavirus and FIP
FIP is caused by Coronavirus, BUT not all cats with FCoV will develop FIP, depends on type of virus, amount of virus and immune status/response of cat
Transmission = Young kittens via faecal oral transmission.
FIP generally seen in conditions where cats are kept in groups.
FCoV
2 Biotypes
Causes FIPV
Other Causes FECov - Feline enteric coronavirus
Make lots of errors when replicating
Origin?
Routes of infection of FIP = IP injections (ONLY experimentally)
In some cats infected with FCov, Gene mutates within the virus, and causes FATAL FIP
We know it is virus that changes as have done research into injecting experimental cats and all died
NO OUTBREAKS
Sporadic infections of random cats
Virus cannot be transmitted once animal is dead.
FCoV Pathogenesis
Cat shedding FECov
Oronasal infection
Tonsils, Intestinal epithelium, URT infections, Causes FIPV
Macrophages - Prognosis depends on Immune response...
Antibody dependent enhancement - Found that animals who had already GOT Ab's = Accelerated disease
So, has put
people off vaccine developement
FECov vs FIPV?
FECoV Replicates only in enterocytes
FIPV replicates in enterocytes and macrophages
WET FIP - Accumulation of fluid out of inflammed blood vessels. FATAL
Clincial signs
WET FIP = if fluid accumulates on thorax, will not be able to see chnage of animals silouette, but wil see clinical signs based on affected organs - EG HEART
FATAL.
Unresponsive, fever. Depression, inappetance, jaundice
DRY FIP
Subclinical
Mild enteritis
Diagnosis
PM, Clinical signs, Clinical Pathology, FCoV serology (MEASURE ABs to Coronavirus BUT cannot tell if has FIP, just that it has been exposed to FECoV) BY IMMUNOFLUORESNECE< and so can quantify by dilution
Best chance - If you can find fluid, and get a sample.
Haematology & Biochem - Looking for hyperproteinaemia, characterised by raised globulins
Other biochem results indicative of organs which have been effected
FIP fluid
Viscous
Straw coloured
High Protein content
Froths if shaken
Clots on standing
RIVALTA TEST - Add water and vinegar. Put drop onto side of a glass tube - If +ve leaves a white mark as falls down the tube.
If rivalta test = +Ve DOES NOT MEAN CAT HAS FIP
Mutation hypothesis