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Behaviour Modification (Schedules of Positive Reinforcement (Behaviour…

- - - - √ used for reinforcing a new behaviour that previously has not been exhibited
      - √ leads to rapid learning and will create an association between behaviour and reinforcement, thus no long term learning takes place.
      - √ frequency of administration- rewarding a behaviour each and every time it occurs
      - √ It wont lead to long term change in behaviour and once reinforcement is removed, desired behaviour will cease
    - - √ use for stable or high behavious
      - √ Basis for administration:
        
        Interval (time/duration)
        
        Ratio (Response and behaviour)
      - √ Frequency of administration- rewarding a behaviour often enough to make it worth repeating but not every time the desired behaviour is demonstrated.
      - √ There are 4 basic types of partial reinforcement schedules:
        
        Variable Interval Schedule (time based)
        
        Given after an average amount of time has passed.
        
        Provides some elements of surprises and produces a slower and steady rate of response
        
        Example: Pop Quiz and Unscheduled inspection
        
        Fixed Ratio Schedule (behaviour based)
        
        Given after a fixed no. of behaviours/ responses have been exhibited regardless of the time that has lapsed between the occurrences of the behaviour
        
        Response rate/ response stability high but with rapid extinction/ disappearance rate when no. of desired behaviour is met
        
        Example: Pierce Rate Plan and Sales Commission
        
        Fixed Interval Schedule (time based)
        
        Given at a fixed or specific amount of time has elapsed regardless of behaviour being exhibited
        
        Easy to use but learning is slow as depends on timing of reinforcer and has a moderately fast extinction rate.
        
        Example: Fixed Pay Period and Tea Breaks in a company
        
        Variable Ratio Schedule (behaviour based)
        
        Most Powerful Schedule for maintaining desired behaviour
        
        Reinforcement Delivered after an unpredictable approximate no. of behaviour are exhibited
        
        Response Rate/ Response stability similar with fixed ratio schedules but extinction of desired behaviour is very slow as when reinforcer/ reward to be given is unknown
        
        Example: Jackpot Machine and Random Quality Checks
- - - - Step i: Identify the critical behaviour behaviour that is Desirable or undesirable
        
        The behaviour has to be measurable
        
        It affects their job perforamnce
        
        Step 2: Measurement of Critical Behaviour through observation, extraction from existing records done by either internal staff or specialist.
        
        Identify and establish baseline performance
        
        tool used to collect information tally sheet (record the frequency of behaviour in relation to time.
        
        Step 3: Conduct Functional Analysis, to find the cause of the behaiviour and how to correct it.
        The 3 major force factor are:
        
        Antecedent- whta happens before the behaviour (Request, rules, presonal needs, instructions, desire)
        
        Behaviour- what is said or done (Performance)
        
        Consequences- What occurs after the behaviour has occured (feedback, results, self-satisfaction, praise, critism
        
        Step 4 - Development & implementation of intervention strategy
        
        Objective of intervention strategy
        Encourage disirable behaviour
        Weaken undesirable behaviour
        
        Through shaping, the use of selective reinforcement
        
        Step 5: evaluation of intervention
        
        Effictive, when desired behaviour is shown more often or undesirable behaviour lessens
        
        Method to compare results, using the baselinse measure and compare with data after intervention
        
        Behaviour chart
        Charting the frequency of behaviour will review the sucess of failure of the intervention