Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

7 Dementia (Diagnosis (MCI (Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCa) (Better…

- - - - Better sensitivity for MCI
  - - - Probable AD
      - Possible AD
        
        non-typical
      - Defenite AD
        
        histologic confirmation
  - - - Disadvantages
      - instrument to decide on further investigation
  - - - Huntingtons disease
        
        Movement disorder, behavioral changes, dementia
        
        Deterioration of neostriatum
        
        disrupts frontostriatal loops
        
        subcortical dementia
        
        slowness of though, impaired attention, executive dysfunction, poor learning, visuopereptual/constructional deficit, depression
        
        Difference with AD
        
        Cortical dementia
        
        AD
        
        AD is ineffective storage of new info
        
        Language
        
        semantic errors
        
        Late working memory problems
        
        HD
        
        HD is problems with retrieval, less with recognition
        
        Language
        
        perceptual errors (naming things that look similar)
        
        More defecit attention
        
        Early working memory problems
        
        Earlier (30-40)
  - - - family history
- - - - more impaired in delayed recall, even recognition
      - attenuation of primacy effect
        
        cannot transfer from primary to secondary memory
      - Semantic encoding less effective
      - Enhanced tendency to produce intrusion errors
        
        interference and less inhibition
      - Difficult to differentiate in very elderly
        
        More overlap
        
        Relatively more impairment in Young-old AD
    - - early problems
        
        Starts with subtle cognitive decline
        
        poor but stable memory then rapid decline
        
        Cognitive asymmetry (?)
        
        executive functions
        
        Mood change
      - Later problems
        
        attention and visuospatial
        
        not as salient
        
        very late
        
        motor and sensory abnormalities, seizures
        
        Psychosis and agitation
  - - - Results from cerebrovascular damage
        
        Single strategical brain infacts
        
        Multiple small infacts (subcortical)
        
        diffuse white matter pathology
        
        Multiple large infactions (cortical)
      - Stepwise progression
      - Dysexecutive syndrome
    - - Executive problems io memory
  - - - Memory impairment might not be prominent at diagnosis
      - Deficits in attention, visuospatial, executive function
      - Parkisonian symptoms, fluctuating cognition, variation in alertness, visual hallucinations
      - REM sleep disorderer
      - Time sequence differentiats from Parkinsons disease
        
        Dementia in Parkinsons only appears later
      - Cell loss and deposition of Lewy bodies
        
        Subcortical pattern (brain stem)
        
        Limbic system
        
        Neocortex
        
        Disruption of dopamine
    - - Similar dementia
        
        first memory
        
        often confused
      - DLB
        
        parkisonian features
        
        hallucinations
        
        variation in attention
        
        Severe visuospatial deficit
        
        occipital cortex
        
        More severe executive dysfunction and attention issues
        
        Better retention and recognition memory, more deficit in retreival
        
        AD in general more memory
  - - - Frontal variant FTD
        
        Changes in social behavior and personality
      - Semantic dementia
        
        Progressive fluent aphasia
        
        Aysmmetric anterolateral temporal atrophy (left)
      - Progressive nonfluent aphasia
        
        phonologic and syntactic components affected
    - - Comparison
        
        FTD
        
        Onset personality and behavior changes
        
        then cognitive deficits
        
        executive function, language, attention
        
        Relative sparing of visuospatial abilities and memory
        
        More impaired on verbal, less on memory
    - - prominent frontal and temporar atrophy
- - - - Acquired impairment in long and short term memory, associated with impairment in abstract thinking, judgement, higher cognitive function or personality changes
- - - - 65 and 85
    - - double risk for loss of consciousness
    - - first degree relative
      - APOE
        
        injury + dementia