B4- Bionergetics

Photosynthesis

Respiration and Exercise

Photosynthesis

Factors affecting Photosynthesis

Converting Glucose

Aerobic Resperation

Anaerobic Respiration

The Importance of Respiration

Exercise and Respiration

Carbon Dioxide + Water with Light = Glucose + Oxygen
CO2 + H2O + C6 H12 O6 + O2

Energy is needed from the sun because its endothermic reaction and the sunlight is trapped by chlorophyll found in the chloroplast

Temperature
If temperature more than 45C enzyme KO and Photosynthesis=0

Carbon Dioxide concentration

Light intensity because more energy is provided for the reaction

Chlorophyll Concentration, this does not vary in the short term but may change if plants are grown in the soil without enough minerals to make chlorophyll

Synthesised may be used by the plant for respiration

It may be converted into-

  • insoluble Starch, stored in stem, leaves or roots
  • Fat or oil, in seed
  • Cellulose,to strengthen the cell walls
  • Proteins, used for growth and forenzymes

To produce proteins from glucose plants use nitrate ions from the soil.

Exothermic reaction as it releases energy from glucose for the body

Organisms need energy for chemical reactions, movement and to keep warm

Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon dioxide + Water

The equation is the same in all organisms

In AR glucose is not completely broken down

In AR less energy is transferred and it differs to animals than and plants and yeast

In Animals Lactic acid is produced

In plants ethanol and carbon dioxide is made

AR in yeast is called fermentation

when the body demands more energy. The HR, Breathing rate and breath volume all increase to provide more oxygen & glucose

AR starts to take place when muscles don't get enough oxygen and glucose. This causes build up of lactic acid and Oxygen debt.

The lactic acid is a poison which makes the muscles to hurt and stops them from contracting efficiently therefore must be got rid of

The Oxygen dept must be repaid.

Metabolism

Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions in a cell or body

The are controlled by enzymes and it may require transfer of energy

The energy is transferred by respiration and used to make new moleculues

  • This includes:
  • The conversion of Glucose into starch, glycogen and cellulose
  • The formation of lipid molecule from a molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids
  • The use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids, used to make proteins