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Lung Sounds (Added (Pleural rub (Cause (Consolodation, Pulmonary…
Lung Sounds
Added
Wheeze
Features
Continuous/ musical
Expiratory noise
Phonicity
Monophonic
Obstruction to a localised area
Polyphonic
Usually high pitched and seen in asthma
Varying pitch
High pitch (sibilant) - bronchospasm
Low pitch (sonorous/ rhonchi) - secretion causing narrowing e.g. chronic bronchitis
Indicate narrowing of airways due to bronchospasm/secretions in small airways
Crackles/ crepitation
Features
Interupted/ non-musical
Inspiratory noise
Cause
Peripheral airway collapse from interstitial fibrosis/ secretion
Rapid air entry abruptly opening collapsed airways
Timing
Early inspiratory
Small airway disease e.g. bronchiolitis
Mid inspiratory
Pulmonary oedema
Late inspiratory
Pulmonary fibrosis
Pulmonary oedema
COPD
Resolving pnuemonia
Lung abscess
TB cavities
Biphasic
Bronchiectasis
Quality
Fine
Broncholitis
Pulmonary oedema
Pulmonary fibrosis
Coarse
COPD
Resolving pnuemonia
Lung abscess
TB cavities
Bronchiectasis
CF
Pleural rub
Inflammation of visceral/parietal pleura
Features
Low pitched grating
Inspiratory noise when pleural layers slide over one another
Cause
Consolodation
Pulmonary infarction
Uremia
Stridor
Normal
Bronchial (over main airways)
Qualities
Loud and tubular
High pitch
Inspiratory and expiratory phases equal in length
Gap between phases
Vesicular (everywhere else)
Qualities
Soft
Low pitch
Inspiration longer than expiration
No gap between phases
Abnormal
Diminished breath sounds
Bronchial breathing at peripheries
C
onsolodation
Lobar
c
ollapse (with patent bronchus)
Lung
c
avity