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Chapter 12 - Substance Use and Addictive Disorders (DSM-5 Checklist (Need…
Chapter 12 - Substance Use and Addictive Disorders
What is a drug?
Any substance than affect our bodies or minds
Behavior
Emotion
Thought
Long-term
Substance Use Disorder: Pattern of maladaptive behaviors and reactions brought by repeated use of substances
Physical dependence
Categories
Depressants
Slow the activity of the CNS
Reduce tensions and inhibitions
Interfere with judgement, motor activity, and concentrations
Examples
Alcohol
Affects
judgement and inhibition
Affects areas judgement, speaking, and memory
Motor difficulties and reaction time slows
Alcohol Use Disorder
Most dangerous recreational drug
Extend across the life span
Tolerance and Withdrawal
Experience greater withdrawal symptoms
Delirium Trememns (the DTs)
Can be fatal
Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs
Produce feelings of relaxation and drowsiness
Low doses
: calming effect or sedative effects
High doses
: Sleeping inducers or hypnotics
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Affect CNS by binding to GABA receptors increasing GABA activity
Relieve anxiety without causing drowsiness
Opioids
"Narcotics"
Morphine
Codeine
Methadone
Heroin
Create euphoric effect by depressing the CNS
Bind to receptors that receive
endorphins
Release pleasurable and calming feelings
Stimulants
Increase activity in CNS
Increase in BP, HR, and alertness
Rapid behavior and thinking
Examples
Cocaine
Increases dopamine. norepinephrine, and serotonin at key receptors in the brain and overstimulating
Amphetamines
Manufactured in the laboratory
Increase energy / alertness
Reduces appetite
Produce a rush, intoxication, and psychosis
Cause emotional letdown
Stimulates dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin
Hallucinogens
Produce delusions, hallucinations, and other sensory changes
Natural
hallucinogens
Mescaline
Laboratory
hallucinogens
LSD
MDMA
Cannabis
Produce sensory
Both depressant and stimulant effects
THC is the active ingredient
Combinations of Substances
Synergistic effects
May multiply or potentiate each other
What causes substance use disorder
Sociocultural
When living in
Stressful
socioeconomic conditions
More common in
accepted
family and social environments
Psychological
Have a powerful dependency needs in the early years
Lack of parental nurturing
Personality type
Biological
Genetic predisposition
Biochemical factors
Activate a
pleasure pathway
in the brain
Cognitive-Behaioral
Operant conditioning plays a key role
Therapies
Cognitive-Behavioral
Identify and change the pattern
Relapse Prevention Training
Biological
Detoxification
Antagonist drugs
Sociocultural
Self-help programs
Community prevention programs
DSM-5 Checklist
Need to
Irritability when tryiing to stop
Repeated failed efforts to control
Frequent preoocupation
Use it as a stress outlet
Lying to conceal
Jeopardizing a responsibility
Reliance on others
GABA receptors are the chief inhibitory compound
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Combination of Factors
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For Gambling