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THEMES (LAND (Gold Rush – California 1849-55, Fort Wise Treaty 1861 –…

- - - - Sand Creek Massacre 1864 – armed force led by Colonel Chivington attacked the Cheyenne camp of Black Kettle at Sand Creek as payback for raiding wagons. 163 indians killed.
        
        2nd Fort Laramie Treaty 1868 – first one unsuccessful. This gave the tribes the Black Hills. http://ndstudies.gov/gr8/content/unit-iii-waves-development-1861-1920/lesson-4-alliances-and-conflicts/topic-2-sitting-bulls-people/section-3-treaties-fort-laramie-1851-1868
        
        Gold discovered in Black Hills in Dakota 1874 – this land was granted to the NA in Fort Laramie Treaty 1868. Sioux tribe didn't want to sell the land to US gov as it was promised theirs. Gold miners went there anyway and destroyed the land for gold
  - - - The cattlemen regularly caught and hanged local homesteaders.
        Among those they hanged were Ella Watson and Jim Averill (a poor local couple), and nine trappers who were out hunting wolves.
        
        The cattlemen assembled a list of 70 rustlers they wanted killed. In spring 1892 they hired a lynching party of 43 cattlemen (including 20 hired gunmen).
        The lynching party attacked a ranch known as the KC ranch. They killed Nick Ray and his partner Nate Chapman, who was roundup foreman of the local Northern Wyoming Farmers & Stock Growers Association.
        
        In response, Red Angus raised a posse of 319 men, who rode out and trapped the cattlemen at a ranch called the TA.
        The cattlemen were eventually rescued by the Army cavalry.
        
        The cattlemen were charged with murder. They bribed the jury and the case was dropped. Nevertheless, the war marked the end of the power of the cattlemen.