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HPAI - H5 subtypes (CONTROL STRATEGY (Diagnostics and surveillance…

- - - - Advantages: sensitive
      - Disadvantages: slow in getting result, usually need second step like immunofluorescence, HI or RT-PCR to specifically identify the virus, need to culture in embryonated eggs, which a very virulent virus may kill the cell culture
  - - - Looking at the antibodies response against the NS1 antigen. This NS1 is usually removed in a purified vaccine.
        
        NS1 negative=Vaccinated animal
        
        NS1 positive=Infected animal
    - - Advantages: simple and broad specific for the detection of type A influenza virus infections, It can recognize conserved nucleoprotein (NP) and matrix (M1) influenza virus protein (detect multiple subtypes of influenza A virus)
      - Disadvantage : do not differentiate between vaccinated and infected poultry when traditional vaccines are used
  - - - Based on the gene of the NA protein of the virus.
        
        Advantages: specific, sensitivity similar to virus isolation, using specific probe, fast getting the result (< 3hrs), reduced cross contamination
        
        Disadvantages: expensive
- - - - Reach peak immunity as late as 9 weeks
      - Lower HI antibody titre compared to Killed Vaccine
      - produce good humoral and cell-mediated immunity
      - Express HA protein that induce CMI
  - - - stimulate antibody response
      - extend release of antigen
    - - antibody against HA, hence prevent the virus attachment
    - - prevent morbidity and mortality rates
      - decreased virus shedding
      - prevent contact transmission