corrections
development of corrections
Pennsylvania system of separate confinements
in isolation prisoners would reflect on behaviors
punishment because humans are social animals
solitary confinement to prevent corruption
economical
prisoners cant be treated vengefully,but hard selective suffering to change their lives.
new York system
congregate system, confinement at night but ate with others during the day
contract labor system,inmate labor was sold
prisons in the south and west
lease system, inmates were leased to contractors who provided clothes and food in exchange for labor.
elmira reformatory
1st reformatory
mark system, point system, can reduce term by earning marks
rehabilitation model, restore convicted offenders, to constructive place in society
medical model, model of corrections, behavior of inmates is caused by psychological/biological condition
federal corrections system
federal Bureau of prisons( provides, halfway houses, prerelease programs, and electronic monitoring)
federal probation and parole supervision(presenting investigations, supervise offenders on probation)
state corrections system
state prison systems
community corrections
state institutions for women
constitutional rights
4th amendment, prohibits unreasonable search and seizures
1st amendment, freedom speech, press, assembly, petition, and religion.
14th amendment, due process, equal protection clause
law and correctional personnel
liability of correctional personnel
civil service laws
community corrections
parole
probation
incarceration and prison society
goals of incarceration
governing prisons
rehabilitation model
reintegration model, maintaining offenders ties to family and community as a method of reform
custodial model,emphasizes security, discipline, and order
limited system of rewards and punishments
exchange relations between correctional officers and inmates
defects of total power
strength of inmate leadership
correctional officers
counsel, supervise, protect, and process inmates under their care.
use of force
self defense
defense of third person
upholding prison rules
prevention of a crime
prevention of escapes
issues with incarceration of women
medical services (women in prision have more serious health problems)
educational and vocational training programs (lack variety of these)
mothers and their children
sexual misconduct
prison programs
prison industries (teach work habits and skills)
educational
vocational
rehabilitative programs
medical services
prison violence
availability of weapons
violent inmates housed with defenseless
architectural design
high level of tension
inadequate supervision
probation and intermediate santions
termination of probation
probation officer
successfully complete
revoked because of misbehavior
assist judges by preparing presenence reports and provide assistance and supervision to offenders in community
intermediate sanctions
restitution (repayment in money or service to victim)
fines(money paid as punishment for offense)
forfeiture(gov. seizure of property and other assets used in criminal activity)
intermediate sanctions in cmmunity
day reporting centers (community correctional center where offender reports each day to comply with sentence)
home confinement
community service
intensive supervision probation (probation granted under conditions of strict reporting to a probation officer)