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DNA (Chromosomes:Are tightly coiled strands of DNA which are found in the…
DNA
Chromosomes:Are tightly coiled strands of DNA which are found in the nucleus. Humans ahve 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs.
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Phenotype:The physical trait, as a result of the
phenotype. It is the visible characteristic.
Genetic Code:James Watson and Francis Crick
unraveled the structure of DNA. They found that DNA is a double helix. Ex. Looks like a spiral stair case. #
Alleles:For each characteristic and organism inherits, they gather 1 allele from each parent. If the 2 alleles are different then the dominant allele is expressed and the the recessive allele is not noticeable. Example. If one parent has blue eyes and the other has brown eyes the offspring would have brown eyes because brown eyes are the dominant trait. #
Mitosis: Copies DNA and creates genetically identical cells. Mitosis applies to multi-cellular organisms. Mitosis starts with a parent cell with all the chromosomes (2n). After that the DNA replicates and then the chromosomes "line up." Next the chromosomes separate into two different cells. Finally the cell division occurs and the offspring cells are they same as the parent cells (2n).
Homozygous: Has two of the same alleles. Homozygous dominant has two dominant alleles. Ex. BB. Homozygous recessive has two recessive alleles. Ex. bb.
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Genotype: The genotype is what makes up the DNA. Also means what allele is present. Ex. BB,bb or Bb #
incomplete dominance:the
dominant recessive pattern does not always
prevail.Alleles are neither dominant, nor recessive
intermediate trait will occur, combining the two
traits.
DNA: Controls formation of
cells, products they
release, and
everything they do. It is made up of sugar and is held up by nitrogenous bases. These bases include adenine thymine cytosine and guanine. Adenine and thymine pair together and cytosine and guanine pairs together. #
Meiosis:Is the process of producing gametes. The process starts with a parent cell with all the chromosomes (2n). Next the cells replicate. After they replicate the cells exchange the genes then the chromosomes separate. After the chromosomes separate the first cell division occurs. Next, the chromosomes line up and the second cell division occurs. Finally the chromosomes separate for the final time and the gametes (1n) are formed.
Purebred:Parents are purebred then means they are true breading. #
Heterozygous: Heterozygous is the interaction between two different alleles. Ex. Black coated cat and a white coated cat. (Bb) #
Dominant Traits: Crossbreeding 2 different true-breeds. All of the offspring having the same characteristic which is the dominant trait #
Genes: Gives organisms their features and characteristics. Genes are segments of DNA that contain coded instructions.
Environmental Factors: Can sometimes play a role on how DNA is interpreted and developed. Ex. Fetal alcohol syndrome would affect an offspring due to the alcohol affecting the "normal DNA" and the offspring may not develop normally
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