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Cardiovascular and respitatory systems (Pathway of the blood in the heart…
Cardiovascular and respitatory systems
Pathway of the blood in the heart
Right ventricle
Deoxy blood
Pulmonary artery
Lungs
Oxy Blood
Pulmonary Vein
Left Artum
Left Ventricle
Oxy Blood
Aorta
Body then Deoxy blood
Vena carva then Right Artium
Types of blood vessels
Capillaries
Composed of thin, single, layer walls of cells, thin enough to allow gas and nutrients and waste exchanges
Veins
The main vessel is vena carva, carries deoxygenated blood to the heart and is smooth. Has one way pocket valves
Brings blood slowly into close contact with the muscles and organ cells of the gas exchange
Arteries
Carries oxygeneted blood to muscles and main vessel is aorta
Double circulatory system
Pulmonary
Between heart and other organs
Transports blood to the lungs
Blood is oxygenetd and carried back to the heart
carbon dioxide is diffused from the blood into the air from the alveoli
the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood and the pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood.
Systemic
Between the lungs and and heart
Transport blood AROUND the body
Transports oxygen and nutrients
Carries AWAY deoxygeneted blood
Definitions
Heart rate
Number of times the heart beats
Measured in BPM
Stroke Volume
Amount of blood pumped out the heart by each ventricle during one contraction
Measured in ML
Cardiac output
Ammount of blood pumped by the heart per minute
Breathing rate
Number of breaths per minute
Tidal volume
Volume of air inspired or expired in one breath
Minute Ventilation
Ammount of air in ML that a person breathes per minute
Red blood cells
Carries oxygen to muscles and removes carbon dioxide from the body
Mechanics of breathing
Inspiration
Intercostal muscles - Contract and originate the lungs, lifts up the rib cage at.
Diaphgram - Contracts pulling upwards and increases the volume of the chest
Air pressure in lungs - Air is sucked into the lungs
Lung volume - Expands and contracts of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm
Expiration
Intercostal muscles - Depress ribs and decrease space in the chest cavity
Diaphragm - Relaxes and moving back, volume of the chest is decreased
Air pressure in lungs - Pressure is increased and air is forced out
Lung volume - lung volume decreases
Respiratory system
Nasal Passage - Air enters through the nose, passages have hairs which filters air and traps the dust
Pharynx and Larynx - Pharynx is passage of the air to the digestive system
Trachea - Air goes through the vocal chords of the larynx
Bronchi and Bronchioles - Air goes into left and right lung
Alveoli - Tiny air sacs where gaseous exchange occurs
Respiration
Anaerobic
Happens without oxygen
Happens in high intensity
lactic acid builds up
Example is sprinting
Intensity is 80%-90% of max heart rate
Aerobic
Happens with oxygen
Happens all the time and is low intensity
Carbon dioxide and water is produced
Example is brisk walk or jog
Intensity is 60%-80% of max heart rate