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Computing (database (Stores the information that powers our applications
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Computing
database
- Stores the information that powers our applications
- Instead of saving data as individual files, web applications use databases to efficiently move data in and out of tables
Relational database
Generally uses SQL (structured query language), a programming protocol for databases.
- Data from web applications are stored in a table similar to an Excel sheet.
- Require to specify the tables’ headings prior to storing data and is a trusted database language used by many modern web applications.
- Eg: Google and Facebook both use MySQL extensively. PostgreSQL, MariaDB, Oracle SQL, and Microsoft SQL are several implementations that are generally used in production.
- These databases are able to connect with most programming languages. SQL databases are almost identical, with each having its own nuances.
-ORMs (object relational mappings) are a recent development in writing database-driven applications and exist in most programming languages. This system allows us to convert code written in one programming language into SQL commands needed in a different programming language.
NoSQL database
A recent tech that allows us to have lists of databases and push data into each without a structure
- Because NoSQL is flexible, inconsistencies can exist in how the data is stored.
- There is no standard yet for how data should be stored inside NoSQL databases, so each type is considerably different and will not translate well to other implementations.
- Eg MongoDB, CouchDB, RavenDB, and Redis are different types of NoSQL databases.
- MongoD, good for scailing an app to millions of users.
- Ideal solution for ad servers and other applications that need to handle hundreds of millions of requests per day
web application
a program that generates dynamic web pages for each web request
- often have forms that accept user input
- used for:
- Allow users to create an account
- Display user-generated data
- Allow multiple users to interact with the same data
- Egs Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest, and Yelp
back-end
A server powers a web application to store and retrieve data in a database and loads the program in a web browser.
Back-end framework: Web application frameworks are used to simplify many lines of code into a few lines. This allows back-end development to become more efficient.
Ruby on Rails: This is a back-end framework for Ruby that focuses on “developer happiness.” Its core principle is “convention over configuration.” This framework is designed to make back-end development intuitive for teams to write together.
NodeJS: Javascript is a programming language that can also be used to communicate with the server. When used in the back-end, it’s called NodeJS.
ExpressJS: This is a back-end framework that runs on NodeJS. It is known in the industry as an “unopinionated web framework.”
Ruby: This is a popular back-end code. This intuitive language makes it accessible for beginners to understand the fundamentals of programming.
front-end
The front-end of our web application is what people see and interact with. Front-end code is usually visually oriented, and changing the code at this level will impact what people see.
Javascript
communicates the behavior of a page to the web browser. It allows websites to create interactions on a page. An alternative called jQuery was developed to make Javascript simpler to use and allows us to write a few lines of jQuery code to achieve the same result as a dozen lines of Javascript.
web application
a functional program loaded by the web browser using HTML, CSS, and Javascript. When we build web applications, we may need a complex interface without having to reload the page. These are called “single-page applications.” Examples of popular ones are: Gmail, Facebook and Twitter
front-end frameworks
useful for single-page apps that have complex user flows and require fluid interactions without having to reload the page. BackboneJS, AngularJS, EmberJS, and ReactJS are some frameworks that can simplify radically complex user flows built into the Javascript language.
A common mistake is to use a framework where it isn’t needed, as this will make the development process unnecessarily complicated.
CSS
communicates the presentation of a page to the web browser. This includes elements such as colors, fonts, and images. All websites on the internet use CSS to style content.
HTML
communicates the structure of a page to the web browser. All websites on the internet use HTML to organize content.