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The Brain (Cerebrum: Conscious thinking: input & output (Primary motor…
The Brain
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The Eye:
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Iris: Colored part of the eye, pupil in the center, controls pupil size
Ciliary body and muscle: Anchors the lens, changes shape of the lens
Anterior chamber of the anterior cavity: contains aqueous humor, which nourishes and maintains the shape of the front of the eye.
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Posterior chamber: vitreous body contains viscous fluid that is enclosed within the eye and maintains the shape and supports internal parts of the eye.
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Retina: Contains rods (for black and white peripheral vision) & cones (produce sharp color vision in bright light)
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Spinal cord:
Cervical part: Superiormost part of the spinal cord, continuous with the medulla oblongata. Contains neurons whose axons contribute to the 8 pairs of cervical spinal nerves.
Thoracic part: Inferior to the cervical part. Contains neurons for the 12 pair of thoracic and spinal nerves
Lumbar part: Short segment of the spinal cord and contains neurons for the 5 pair of lumbar spinal nerves
Sacral part: Inferior to the lumbar part and contains neurons for the 5 pairs of sacral spinal nerves
Coccygeal part: Most inferior tip of the spinal cord, one pair of coccygeal spinal nerves arises from this part
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Brainstem
Midbrain: Secretes dopamine, involuntary motor commands, carries voluntary motor commands to each cerebral hemisphere, relay station in processing visual and auditory sensations.
Pons: Connect brain to spinal cord, involved in pathway for sound localization, houses sensory and motor cranial nerve nuclei
Medulla oblongata: Regulates heart rate, vasomotor center, meduallary respiratory center
The Ear:
Outer Ear:
Auricle: Cartilage outside the head, collects sound waves
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Middle Ear:
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Oval window: opening to the inner ear, cause waves in the inner ear
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Inner ear:
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Cochlea: contains organ of corti, which contains hair cells that when the vibrations from sound move the fluid in the cochlea across these cells initiate nerve impulse that are transferred to the auditory nerve
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