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Ethics (Virtue Ethics (Ends (The Highest Good (An end that we want on…

- - - - Ways of being at work
      - Kinds of work produced
    - - An end that we want on account of itself
      - All other things on account of it
      - We do not choose everything on account of something else
  - - - Honor
      - Intelligence
      - Happiness
  - - - Human excellence belongs to the soul
        
        Irrational (contrary to reason)
        
        Having Reason
  - - - Thinking (intellectual)
      - Character (virtue)
        
        Developed through habituation, but have the potencies from nature
        
        Destroyed by deficiency and excess
        
        By doing things that exhibit [virtue], we become [virtue]
        
        Concerned with pleasure and pain; do as one ought
        
        The virtuous person #
        
        Do something knowingly
        
        Choose this act and choose it for its sake
        
        Be in a stable condition and not be able to be moved all the way out of it [always do the virtuous thing]
    - - Not a predisposition (praiseworthy, developed)
      - Active Condition
        
        Mean
        
        Equally apart from both extremes
        
        In relation to us
        
        Has no "mean"
        
        Some actions are the base, not the excess/deficiency
      - Not a feeling (praiseworthy, immovable)
  - - - One knows the circumstances of the action
      - Includes things done on account of spiritedness or desire
      - Source is oneself
    - - Not
        
        The same as willing [not all willingness is a choice]
        
        Desire [distinctly human; neither painful nor pleasant]
        
        Spiritedness [Distinctly human]
        
        Wishing [always possible and up to you]
      - Involved with thinking
      - Is deliberated
        
        About the means to an end we can do OURSELVES
        
        Done together with others
    - - Sense-[erception
      - Intellect
      - Desire
- - - - That which rules and measures
      - Standard
    - - A principle of human acts
      - Concerned with universal happiness
        
        Made by those who are for the common good
  - - - Divine Law
      - Natural Law [for rational creatures]
        
        Human Law
        
        Not done because of habit
        
        May be held habitually
        
        Several precepts from one precept: pursue good and avoid evil
- - - - Base pleasures
      - Contentment
    - - Martyrs
    - - Distinguishable by those with a broad range of experiences
    - - Your happiness is no higher than anyone else's
    - - Things for happines
      - Happiness itself
  - - - Moral Feelings as an outgrowth of human (and social) nature
        
        Duty
  - - - Identifiable victim
      - Retaliation
    - - Social utility
- - - - Duties
        
        We should act in such a way that we could want the maxim of our action to become a universal law
        
        Out of reverence for the law
        
        Actions are judged according to the motivation [a priori]
        
        For the sake of duty alone
    - - Hypothetical Imperatives
      - Categorical Imperatives [a priori] #
        
        Rational Beings (ends in themselves)
        
        Act in such a way that you always treat other people not merely as means to some end, but also as ends in themselves.
        
        Act that your will can regard itself at the same time as making universal law through its maxims.
        
        Act as if you were through your maxims a law-making member of a kingdom of ends
        
        Dignity
        
        Autonomy of the will