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Sleep and Biological Rhythms (Sleep Waves (Theta: 3.5-7.5Hz (Medium…

- - - - Serotonin (5-HT): neurons located in the raphe nuclei (of the midbrain and hindbrain)
        Activity 9ncreases cortical arousal
      - Histamine: neurons located in the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) (of the hypothalamus)
        Activity high during wake vs. low during sleep
      - Norepinephrine (NE): neurons located in the locus coeruleus (in dorsal pons. Activity related to attentional processes and is high when animals are focused & doing well on certain tasks)
      - Acetylcholine (ACh): neurons located in various areas throughout the brain