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IB HL Biology 2.7 and 7.3 Translation (Protein Structure (Secondary:…

- - - - Large and small subunit (small contains mRNA binding site, large contains 3 tRNA binding sites)
      - Found freely floating in cytosol or bound to rough ER
      - Differ in size in prokaryotes and eukaryotes (70S vs. 80S)
    - - Polysomes may form while mRNA transcribed in prokaryotes
      - 3' end ribosomes will have longer polypeptide chains than 5' end
  - - - Acceptor stem carrying AA
      - Anticodon associates w/ mRNA codon via complementary base pairing
      - T arm associates w/ ribosome
      - D arm associates w/ tRNA activating enzyme
    - - ATP phosphorylation creates high energy bond transferred to tRNA: stored energy will provide majority of energy for peptide bond formation
- - - - 3) Translocation: ribosome moves along mRNA strand by one codon position in 5' to 3' direction, deacylated tRNA moves into E site, released, while tRNA carrying peptide chain moves to P site, another tRNA molecule attaches to next codon in unoccupied A site, process repeated
        
        4) Termination: above repeat until ribosome reaches STOP codon; recruit release factor that signals for translation to stop, polypeptide released and ribosome dissembles back into two independent subunits
- - - - Conjugated protein: protein in prosthetic group
- - - - Synthesized protein transported via vesicle to Golgi for secretion or lysosome
      - Proteins targeted for membrane fixation embedded into membrane