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Reproductive System & Development (Major Events of Fetal Development…

- - - - Gametogenesis: the formation of gametes
        
        Oogenesis: the production of egg cells called ova
        
        Spermatogenesis: the formation of sperm cells
        
        Vas deferens:transports mature sperm to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation.
        
        Male Reproductive structures
        
        Urethra:tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside of the body. In males, it has the additional function of expelling (ejaculating) semen when the man reaches orgasm
        
        Seminiferous Tubules:sac-like pouches that attach to the vas deferens near the base of the bladder. The seminal vesicles produce a sugar-rich fluid (fructose) that provides sperm with a source of energy and helps with the sperms’ motility (ability to move)
        
        ejaculatory ducts:formed by the fusion of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicles. The ejaculatory ducts empty into the urethra
        
        Prostate gland: located behind urinary bladder in front of rectum and adds fluids to ejaculate and helps nourish sperm
        
        Penile urethra:that part of the male urethra which passes through the penis; called also spongy urethra.
        
        Epididymis: carries & stores sperm cells produced in testes, brings sperm to maturity
        
        Penis:male organ for sexual intercourse, ejaculates semen containing sperm during orgasm
        
        Gonads: These are the specialized organs where gametes are formed.
        
        Testes: male gonads
        
        scrotum: houses testes and protects/ acts as climate control
        
        Ovaries: female gonads
      - Meiosis has 2 divisions
        
        Meiosis 1 (Recombination):replicated homologous pair up and then separate, resulting in 2 haploid daughter cells: made up of sister chromatids
        
        Prophase 1:Duplicated chromosomes pair and exchange segments
        
        Chiasmata: X-shaped regions where cross over occurs)
        
        crossing over:occurs between prophase 1 and metaphase 1 and is the process where homologous chromosomes pair up with each other and exchange different segments of their genetic material to form recombinant chromosomes.
        
        Centrosome:involved in spindle movement, spindle formation, nuclear envelope breakdown, chromosomes condense
        
        Metaphase 1:Chromosomes line up by homologous pairs
        
        Anaphase 1:Each pair of homologous chromosomes separate.
        
        Telophase & Cytokinesis:
        Two haploid cells form; each chromosome still consists of two sister chromatids.
        
        Haploid: (n) cells containing 23 chromosomes, such as egg and sperm.
        
        fertilization:is the union of a human haploid cells egg and sperm, usually occurring in the ampulla of the fallopian tube.
        
        zygote:fertilized egg cell that results from the union of a female gamete (egg, or ovum) with a male gamete (sperm)
        
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        fallopian tube: the female reproductive structure where the egg and sperm meet
        
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        Meiosis 2 (Reduction): similar to mitosis where sister chromatids separate during anaphase resulting in four haploid daughter cells
  - - - Budding
      - Sporulation
      - Binary Fission