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unit 10 (ARNOLD SCHOENBERG (1874–1951) (Three compositional periods (Post…

- - - - New scales & harmonies
  - - - Foreign scales with western chords
      - Pre-cursor to ”prepared piano”
        
        Tone clusters for piano
        
        Group notes played with fist, forearm, and
        palm
        
        Plucking piano strings directly
      - Combined Asian instruments with Western ensembles
        
        Music from Iran, India, Japan
    - - Proponent of microtones
        
        Developed a scale with 43 microtones to the
        octave
    - - Cloud chamber bowls- made glass
      - Cone gongs (made metal)
      - Adapted Indian and African instruments to
        fit tuning
      - Gourd trees
      - Focus melody & timbre- not harmony
    - - In 1938, invented the prepared piano
      - Indeterminacy, aleatoric, and chance music
      - Cowell mentor
      - Explored the role of silence in 4'33"
      - Early interest in non-Western scales
      - Raised profound questions about the nature of music
      - Born in LA
      - Eternally questioning artist
    - - 16 sonatas in 4 groups- separated by interludes
      - For prepared piano
        
        Materials inserted between the piano strings
        
        Varied timbres
      - 1946-48 (Performed in 49)
  - - - Lorca’s poetry in his song cycle
        Ancient Voices of Children and in
        his four books of madrigals
  - - - Extended techniques-
        
        Soprano whinny like a horse
        
        Glissandos
        
        Piccolo flutter-tongue
        
        Whispering
- - - - Process Music- a few notes repeating over and over and often elaborating
    - - Record snippet of audio then loop
      - Changing speeds causes music to go in and out of phase
  - - - Twelve guitars w/ pre-recorded tracks layered within