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Corrections (Re-Entry into the Community (Challenges for Parole (Few…

- - - - Grace
        
        Not a right
        
        Freedom bestowed by the state
      - Contract
        
        Must agree on the stipulations or go back to jail
      - Custody
        
        Still within custody
  - - - Strict imprisonment
      - Labour on chain gang
      - Limited freedom
      - Ticket of leave/ conditional freedom
      - Full restoration of liberty
    - - Ticket of leave transitioned to condition-based parole
  - - - Completes max court sentence
      - Not supervised in the community
    - - Maximum minus good time on a percentage of full sentences is served
      - Released condition parole supervision
    - - Parole Board decision to release to parole supervision within indeterminate sentencing states
    - - Furloughs, home supervision, probation, emergency release, compassionate release, elderly release
  - - - Keep community safe
      - Enforce conditions or release
      - May search without notice or warrant
      - Arrest without bail for suspected violations
    - - Assist with housing employment
      - Liason between parole and community
      - Build relationship for success
    - - New Crime
      - Technical Violation- Morrissey v. Brewer
        
        1972
        
        Hearing to determine, probable cause
        
        Parole Board determines if its a violation and the response
      - Use of intermediate sanctions
        
        Attempt to keep parolee in community
- - - - John Augustus, Boston 1841
      - First state-wide system in Massachusetts, 1880
      - 21 states by 1920
      - 44 states by the beginning of WWII
      - Began as a second chance, evolved to supervision/ service provision
      - Now incorporates risk assessment
    - - Centralized vs. Decentralized
      - Works best with solid working relationship between judge and supervising officer
    - - Attend court
        
        New PSI's requsted
        
        Update or modification hearing
        
        Revocation
        
        Technical violation
      - Write pre-sentence reporta
      - Supervise clients
  - - - Requires phone service
      - Costly to offender
      - High failure rate
    - - Daily check-ins
      - Often require programming
    - - Probation diversion
      - Institutional diversion
- - - - Under a year
    - - Primarily county controlled
    - - Conditions
      - Lack of programming
      - Training of staff
      - Suicide
      - Mental Illness
      - Inmate rights
        
        Hands-off Period
        
        Prisoners Rights Era
        
        Cooper v Pate
    - - First
        
        Procunier v. Martinez 1974
        
        Mail censorship only with demonstration of government interest
        
        Religious Freedom Restoration Act and Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act
        
        Turner v. Safley 1987
        
        May restrict mail between inmates at other institutions
      - Fourth
        
        Hudson v. Palmer 1984
        
        May search cells and confiscate with suspicion of wrongdoing or justification
        
        Bell v. Wolfish 1979
        
        Body searches permissible to fit institutionalized need and when used to not degrade
        
        Florence v. Board of Chosen Freeholders 2012
        
        May strip search those entering jail under minor offenses
      - Eighth
        
        Punishment shocks conscience civilized society
        
        Unneccesarily cruel
        
        Is beyond legitimate penal aims
        
        Totality of conditons
        
        Deliberate indifference
      - Fourteenth
        
        Due Process
        
        Wolff v. McDonnell 1974
        
        Basic procedural rights in disciplinary hearings, sanctions
        
        Equal Protection
        
        Lee v. Washington 1968
        
        Discrimination cannot be official policy
    - - Conditions of supervision may supersede rights
      - Search
        
        Griffin v. Wisconsin 1987
        
        Samson v. California 2006
      - Due Process- Revocation
        
        Morrissey v. Brewer 1972
        
        Gangon v. Scarpelli 1973
    - - Civil Service Laws
        
        Set personal Procedure
      - Civil Rights Act of 1964
      - Age Discrimination in Employment
      - Americans with Disabilities Act
    - - Cooper v. Pate
      - Monell v. Dept. of Social Services
        
        May sue employed due to violation of agency's usages
      - Payouts are rarely large
  - - - Mental health
      - Programming
      - Connection to community
    - - Inmate Code
        
        Created within prison?
        
        Imported?
      - Adaptive Roles
        
        Doing time
        
        Gleaning
        
        Jailing
        
        Disorganized
    - - Result of deprivation
      - Legitimate channels are monitored/restricted
      - Bartering system
        
        Debt is used as a lever
  - - - Age
      - Race
      - Mental illness
    - - Prisoner to Prisoner
      - Prisoner to Officer
      - Officer to Officer
    - - Adequate supervision
      - Architectural design
      - Reducing availability of weapons
      - Proper use of classification
      - Avoid overcrowding