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Ecology (Scientific analysis of interactions among organisms and their…
Ecology (Scientific analysis of interactions among organisms and their environment)
Biosphere- The entire earth and organisms living in it
Biome- A collection of ecosystems (community and its environment)
Community- Two or more populations of different species that occupy the same space at the same time
Population-Multiple individuals of a single species that live within a particular geographic area
Symbiosis- Relationships between two different species
Mutualism- relationship benefits both
Commensalism- one benefits, one isn't affected
Parasitism- one benefits, one is hurt
Food web- shows the energy flow within an ecosystem
Trophic level- an organism's place on the food chain
Producers- plants
Consumers
Herbivores- eat only plants
Omnivores- eat both plants and animals
Carnivores- eat only animals
Decomposers- convert dead plant matter into detritus
Detritovores- feed on plant and animal remains
Food chain- a single chain in the food web
Keystone species- a species that other species depend on for life
Habitat- the place where an organism lives
Niche- an organism's role in its habitat
Pyramid of energy- shows the relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level
Pyramid of numbers- shows the relative number of individual organisms at each trophic level
Pyramid of biomass- shows the amount of potential food available for each trophic level
Competition- organisms competing for resources
Predation- One animal eating another
Biotic- living factors in an environment
Abiotic- Nonliving things in an environment
Population density- number of individual species in a given space
Limiting factors- factors in an environment that limit population size
Carrying capacity- maximum population that can be supported by resources in the environment
Growth rate- takes into account birth rate, death rate, migration rate, etc
Exponential (J-shaped) growth- growth of a population in an environment that hasn't reached its carrying capacity
Logistic (S-shaped) growth- population of a species that has leveled off at carrying capacity due to limiting factors
Density-dependent limiting factors: limiting factors that are effected by the population density
Density-inependent limiting factors: limiting factors that aren't effected by the population density
Mortality- death rate
Doubling time- time it takes for a species to double in population size (70 / population growth rate)
Natality- birth rate
Emigration- moving out of an area
Immigration- moving into an area
Water cycle
Transpiration- the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers
Nitrogen cycle
Nitrogen fixation- process by which nitrogen in the Earth's atmosphere is converted into ammonia
Carbon cycle
Photosynthesis- process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy
Cellular respiration- process that take place in cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into energy (ATP)
Biodiversity- the variety of all life forms on earth
Invasive species- a species brought into an environment where it doesn't have predators so their population increases explosively
Climate change
Mismatch
Infection disease
Habitat destruction
By Camila Paris