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Operating System Structure** (Layered (The seven Open Systems…
Operating
System Structure**
Monolithic
What is monolithic?
A monolithic kernel is an operating system architecture where the entire operating system is working in kernel space and is alone in supervisor mode.
Reference
https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-ab&ei=_nsvWpu_HYbwvAT3rpaYCQ&q=what+is+monolithic+structure+of+operating+system&oq=what+is+monolithi&gs_l=psy-ab.1.4.35i39k1j0l2j0i20i263k1l2j0l5.4949.7648.0.11246.17.11.0.0.0.0.447.1750.0j1j0j2j2.5.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..12.5.1748...0i67k1j0i131k1.0.I5gS-ADJlUg
Examples of Monolithic Kernel
Microsoft Windows (95,98,Me)
OpenVMS
DOS
XTS-400
Linux
BSDs (FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD)
Solaris
OS-9
AIX
HP-UX
Reference
https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-ab&ei=iH0vWpGuJIfmvAS82aKwDw&q=examples+of+monolithic+operating+systems&oq=examples+of+monolithic+in+ioperating+syste&gs_l=psy-ab.1.0.0i22i30k1.137632.143135.0.145289.20.13.0.0.0.0.517.1266.2-1j5-2.3.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..17.3.1263...0.0.hp4X7NGrgx4
Layered
What is Layered?
With the layered approach, the bottom layer is the hardware, while the highest layer is the user interface. The main advantage is simplicity of construction and debugging. The main difficulty is defining the various layers. The main disadvantage is that the OS tends to be less efficient than other implementations.
Reference
https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-ab&q=What+is+layered+in+operating+system&spell=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiM2rre9IPYAhXCvY8KHb7aCOoQvwUIJSgA&biw=1920&bih=1066
The seven Open Systems Interconnection layers
Layer 5: The session layer
Layer 4: The transport layer
Layer 6: The presentation layer
Layer 3: The network layer
Layer 7: The application layer
Layer 2: The data-link layer
Layer 1: The physical layer
Reference
https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-ab&ei=XYEvWt3LNozJvgSzzIzgBg&q=layered+in+operating+system&oq=layered+in+operating+system&gs_l=psy-ab.3..0i22i30k1l10.1582.5369.0.5685.20.20.0.0.0.0.193.2510.3j15.18.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..2.18.2502...0j0i67k1j0i20i263k1.0.V9II3FC42sE
Microkernel
What is Microkernel?
A microkernel (also known as μ-kernel) is the near-minimum amount of software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an operating system (OS). These mechanisms include low-level address space management, thread management, and inter-process communication (IPC).
What is the difference between monolithic kernel and microkernel?
Monolithic kernel is a single large process running entirely in a single address space. It is a single static binary file. ... In microkernels, the kernel is broken down into separate processes, known as servers. Some of the servers run in kernel space and some run in user-space
Reference
https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-ab&biw=1920&bih=1066&ei=HYAvWvLgBIScvQSFk4bYAg&q=examples+of+microkernel+operating+systems&oq=examples+of+microkernel&gs_l=psy-ab.1.1.0j0i22i30k1l3.642499.647863.0.649480.23.21.0.2.2.0.200.2258.0j15j1.16.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..5.18.2291...35i39k1j0i131k1j0i67k1.0.GbIBK919GfQ
Reference
https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-ab&ei=nIIvWpOUOoHRvgSe7pyoBw&q=what+is+microkernel+in+os&oq=what+is+microkernel+in+&gs_l=psy-ab.1.0.0l2j0i22i30k1l4.12810.13399.0.14915.4.4.0.0.0.0.141.397.0j3.3.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..1.3.396....0.hIs6nBUrZJs
Networked & Distributed
Distributed Operating System
A distributed operating system is a software over a collection of independent, networked, communicating, and physically separate computational nodes. Each individual node holds a specific software subset of the global aggregate operating system. Each subset is a composite of two distinct service provisioners.
Network Operating System
A network operating system (NOS) is a computer operating system system that is designed primarily to support workstation, personal computer, and, in some instances, older terminal that are connected on a local area network (LAN).
