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The Ordeal of Reconstruction (1865-1877) (Political (Andrew Johnson (Clash…
The Ordeal of Reconstruction (1865-1877)
Social
slave labor system collapsed in the South
lost billions of dollars due to emancipation
former slave owners were forced to recognize the freedom of their slaves
push towards education
stronger religion
looking for jobs and testing out their freedoms
South still believed what they were fighting for was right.
Woman and Blacks lacked basic civil rights
still during the war women suspended their own demands to work on the emancipation of slaves
campaigned for women's right to vote after the 13th amendment was passed 9
black men were elected into state constitutional conventions.
former maser were offended by this
scalawags: southerners who supported Reconstruction plans
Carpetbaggers: Northerners who settled in the south seeking personal profit and power
Economy
southern economy collapse after CW
Industry halted
Agriculture crippled
Republicans had passed many acts that would benefit the North while they were at war with the South
Morrill Tariff, Pacific Railroad Act, Homestead Act
Political
Freedmen's Bureau
Created by the Congress
there was an overwhelming amount of unskilled freedmen
intended to be a primitive welfare agency
greatest achievement was education
Controversies
supposed to give land confiscated land to blacks instead they just tried to cajole blacks to sign labor contracts to work for their former masters
Southerners resented this because they no longer had white dominance
Johnson had tried to end this because he had similar white supremacist views
Andrew Johnson
for the poor whites against planter aristocrats
states rights and the constitution
he only became president because Lincoln died. Republicans didn't like him
would swiftly readmit the states into the union
Clash w/ congress
vetoed the Civil rights bill which was a forward thinking legislation
republicans feared the Southerners were going to gain power in Congress
wanted to repeal the 14th amendment
Lincoln's 10 Percent Plan
reintegrate the Southern states that seceded when the equivalent of 10 percent of the voters take an oath of allegiance to US and emancipation
Congress did not agree with this plan
New Problem: Should the Congress or President handle the restoration?
Some radical groups wanted the south to face harsher punishments.
Black Codes
designed to regulate affairs of freedmen
resembled slavery
had freed blacks working for their former masters
harsh laws and low wages
still oppressed blacks and mocked their freedom
Confederate leaders were coming back and the Republicans were infuriated
freed slaves in the south ^ population = more electoral votes
Republican Principles and Programs
Charles Sumner for black freedom and racial equality .
Thaddeus Stevens another radical republican who wanted drastic social and economic changes in the south
Reconstruction act
had to agree to emancipation and recognition of the freedom of blacks to be readmitted to the Union.
had to incorporate black suffrage in federal Constitution