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Summary Revolt—a product of character and policies of colonial rule. (THE…
Summary Revolt—a product of character and policies of colonial rule.
Economic causes—
Heavy taxation under new revenue settlement,
Summary evictions,
Discriminatory tariff policy against Indian products,
Destruction of traditional handicrafts industry, and
Absence of concomitant industrialisation on modern lines that hit
peasants, artisans and small zamindars.
Political causes—
Greedy policy of aggrandisement,
Absentee sovereigntyship character of British rule,
British interference in socio-religious affairs of Indian public.
Military causes—
Discontent among sepoys for economic,
Psychological and religious reasons,
Coupled with a long history of revolts.
CENTRES OF REVOLT AND LEADERS
Delhi- General Khan Kanpur - Nana Saheb, Lucknow-Begum Hazrat Mahal
Bareilly- Khan Bahadur Bihar - Kunwar Singh, Faizabad- Maulvi Ahmadullah,
Jhansi- Rani Laxmibai
THE BRITISH RESISTANCE
Delhi -- John Nicholson,
Kanpur Lucknow
Jhansi Benaras
Lieutenant Willoughby,
Lieutenant Hudson - Sir Hugh Wheeler, Sir Colin Campbell - Henry
Lawrence, Brigadier Inglis,
Henry Havelock, James Outram, Sir Colin Campbell - Sir Hugh Rose -
Colonel James Neill
CAUSES OF FAILURE
Limited territorial and social base.
Crucial support of certain sections of Indian public to British authorities.
Lack of resources as compared to those of the British.
Lack of coordination and a central leadership.
Lack of a coherent ideology and a political perspective.
NATURE
Not quite the first war of independence but sowed the seeds of nationalism and quest for freedom from alien rule.
EFFECT
Crown took over.
Company rule abolished.
Queen's Proclamation altered administration.
Army reorganised.
Racial hatred deepened.