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23-3 Napoleon Forges and Empire (Napoleon Seizes Power (Hero Of The Hour,…

- - - - Desperate for leadership,
        people voted in favor of the constitution.
        
        This gave all real power to Napoleon as first consul.
      - 1800
        
        a plebiscite, or vote of the people, was held to approve a new constitution.
      - Leadership
  - - - He supported laws that would both strengthen the central government, achieve some of the goals of the Revolution
        
        The first task was to get the economy on a solid footing. He set up an efficient method of tax collection and
        established a national banking system
        
        Addition to ensuring
        the government a steady supply of tax money, these
        actions promoted sound financial management and better
        control of the economy.
        
        Addition to ensuring
        the government at steady supply of tax money, these
        actions promoted sound financial management
        
        also took steps to end corruption and inefficiency in gov.
        
        The lycées were open to male students
        of all types. All graduates were appointed to public office on the basis rather than family connections
        
        Napoleon disregarded changes that were introduced by the Revolution.Both the clergy and many peasants wanted to restore the position of Church in France.
        
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        What made the admissions policies of the lycees significant?
        
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        he dismissed corrupt officials, in order to provide the gov w trained officials.
        
        set up lycées or government run public schools
      - He kept many of the
        changes that had come with the Revolution
      - What caused Napoleon to reach an agreement with the pope?
        
        Link
    - - 1804
        
        December 2, 1804, dressed in a
        splendid robe of purple velvet, Napoleon walked down the long aisle
        
        Pope waited for him with a glittering crown. As thousands
        watched, the new emperor took the crown from the pope and placed it on his
        own head.
        
        With this gesture, Napoleon signaled that he was more powerful than the
        Church, which had traditionally crowned the rulers of France.
        
        Change
        
        Napoleon decided to make himself
        emperor, and the French voters supported him.
- - - - He annexed the Austrian Netherlands and parts of Italy to
        France and set up a puppet government in Switzerland. Now he
        looked to expand his influence further. Fearful British persuaded Russia, Austria, and Sweden to join them
        against France
        
        How does the Battle of Trafalgar show the importance of naval power?
      - Napoleon met this challenge with his usual boldness. In a
        series of brilliant battles, he crushed the opposition.
        
        commanders of the enemy armies
        could never predict his next move and often took heavy
        losses. After the Battle of Austerlitz in 1805, Napoleon
        issued a proclamation expressing his pride in his troops
        
        Napoleon’s battlefield successes forced the rulers of Austria, Prussia, and
        Russia to sign peace treaties.
        
        Successes also enabled him to build the largest
        European empire since that of the Romans. France’s only major enemy left undefeated
        was the great naval power, Britain
        
        Napoleon
  - - - This naval defeat, however,
        was more important than all of his victories on land. The battle took place in
        1805 off the southwest coast of Spain.
        
        The British commander, Horatio Nelson,
        was as brilliant in warfare at sea as Napoleon was in warfare on land.
      - The destruction of the French fleet had two major results.
        
        First, it ensured the
        supremacy of the British navy for the next 100 years. Second, it forced Napoleon
        to give up his plans of invading Britain
        
        He had to look for another way to control
        his powerful enemy across the English Channel. Eventually, Napoleon’s extravagant
        efforts to crush Britain would lead to his own undoing
        
        Conquest
      - Battle
  - - - After the failure of the expedition to Saint Domingue, Napoleon decided to cut
        his losses in the Americas
        
        He offered to sell all of the Louisiana Territory to the
        United States, and in 1803 President Jefferson’s administration agreed to purchase
        the land for $15 million.
        
        Napoleon saw a twofold benefit to the sale. First, he
        would gain money to finance operations in Europe. Second, he would punish the
        British. “The sale assures forever the power of the United States,” he observed,
        “and I have given England a rival who, sooner or later, will humble her pride.”
        
        How did L'Ouverture's revolution benefit the United States?
      - Revolution
      - A civil war
        erupted, and enslaved Africans under the leadership of Toussaint L’Ouverture
        seized control of the colony.
        
        War
  - - - 1812, the only areas of Europe free
        from Napoleon’s control were Britain, Portugal, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire.
        In addition to the lands of the French Empire, Napoleon also controlled numerous
        supposedly independent countries.
      - These
        included Spain, the Grand Duchy of Warsaw, and a number of German kingdoms
        in Central Europe. The rulers of these countries were Napoleon’s puppets; some, in
        fact, were members of his family
        
        Furthermore, the powerful countries of Russia,
        Prussia, and Austria were loosely attached to Napoleon’s empire through alliances.
        
        The French Empire was huge but unstable. Napoleon was able to maintain it at
        its greatest extent for only five years—from 1807 to 1812.
        
        Then it quickly fell to
        pieces. Its sudden collapse was caused in part by Napoleon’s actions.
        
        How long did Napoleon's empire remain at its peak?
      - French Empire
      - How did Napoleon's belief in equal opportunity conflict with his method of selecting leaders for puppet governments?
  - - - He knew that the key to this area was the sugar-producing colony of Saint
        Domingue (now called Haiti) on the island of Hispaniola.