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Napoleon Forges an Empire (Napoleon Creates an Empire (The Battle of…
Napoleon Forges an Empire
Napoleon Seizes Power
Early Life
He was born in 1769 in Corsica
Went to military school at age nine
At age 16 he became a lieutenant in the artillery
More about his early life
Hero of the Hour
In October of 1795, Napoleon and his men met the royalists with a cannonade
The royalists were confused and worried so they fled
Bonaparte became known as the "Hero of the Hour"
In 1796, Napoleon was chosen to lead the army against Austria and Sardinia
Led an expedition to Egypt
Had many victories, but in Egypt he was defeated
Leadership
Invasion
What evidence shows that Napoleon cared about his image?
He removed bad things about him in the newspaper
More about the expedition to Egypt
Coup d'Etat
By 1799, the Directory had lost political control, and Bonaparte was urged to take control
He took action in 1799 and got rid of the Directory
To replace the Directory they created three consuls
His power was known as a coup (from the phrase coup d'état)
Coup d'état means blow to state
Britain, Austria, and Russia tried to drive Bonaparte out of power
The three nations came together and joined peace agreements with France
War
How would you compare Napoleon's actions in October 1795 and November 1799?
He enjoyed having the power more in 1799, because in 1795 he was just starting to get power
Napoleon Creates an Empire
Conquering Europe
Napoleon turned his attention to Europe
He annexed the Australian Netherlands and parts of Italy to France
He wants to expand further
British persuaded Russia, Austria, and Sweden to go agains France
Napoleon crushed the opposition
The commanders of the enemy could never predict his moves and took heavy, hard losses
Napoleon's success forced the rulers pf Austria, Prussia, and Russia to each sign piece treaties
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He set up a puppet government in Switzerland
How did Napoleon's belief in equal opportunity conflict with his method of selection Puppet governments
Puppet governments were independent states so while choosing he wasn't making it equal with everyone
The Battle of Trafalgar
This is the only battle Napoleon has lost during his drive for a European Empire
This is the most important battle Napoleon had, more important than his land victories
1805 - The battle started off the southwest coast of Spain
Horatio Nelson
Brilliant in warfare as Napoleon was at land
Bold maneuver, he split the french fleet capturing many ships
2 major results
Ensured the supremacy of the British navy for the next 100 years
It forced Napoleon to give up his plans of invading Britain
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British commander
About Horatio Nelson
How did the Battle of Trafalgar show the importance of Naval power?
Without having a strong naval power the navy of Nelson wouldn't have been able to capture the French ships.
The French Empire
Leadership
1800's - Napoleon's victories had given him leadership over most of Europe
1812 - The only areas not under control of Napoleon were Britain, Portugal, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire
He also was in control over numerous independent countries
Spain, the Grand Duchy of Warsaw, and other German Kingdoms in Central Europe
The leaders were in Napoleon's puppets; some where his family
Powerful countries like Russia, Prussia, and Austria were attached though alliances
Conquest
They were easily manipulated by threats of military action
It was huge but unstable
How long did Napoleon's empire remain at it's peak
It quickly fell to pieces thanks to Napoleon's actions
Napoleon maintained it at its biggest extent, 5 years (1807 - 1812
Napoleon
Wanted to control the rest of Europe and to reassert French power in America
He envisioned his western empire including Louisiana, Florida, French Guiana, and the French West Indies
The key to this area was the sugar-producing colony of Saint Domingue on the island of Hispaniola
Loss of American Territories
1789
The ideas of the Revolution reached the plants of Saint Dominque
They demanded the National Assembly give them privileges people had in France
Enslaved Africans in the colony also demanded their rights, their freedom
War
Civil War erupted
Enslaved Africans under Toussaint L'Ouverture leadership seized control over the colony
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Napoleon Rules France
At first Napoleon pretended to be the constitutionally chosen leader of a free republic
Plebiscite: Vote of the people
Held to approve a new constitution
The people voted overwhelmingly in favor of the constitution
Gave all the real power to Napoleon as first consul
Government: Different rules and regulations helped shape the government
Biography of Napoleon
Restoring Order At Home
Napoleon didn't try to return the nation to the days of Louis XVI
Kept many of the changes that had come with the Revolution
Changes: Many different changes took place
Supported laws that would both strengthen the central government and achieve some of the goals of the Revolution
1st Task
Was to get the economy on a solid footing
Set up an efficient method of tax collection and established a national banking system
Promoted sound financial management and better control of the economy.
Took steps to end the corruption and inefficiency in the government
Napoleon dismissed corrupt officials
Lycees: Government run public schools
Provided the government with officials
Were open to male students of all backgrounds
Graduates were appointed to public office on the basis of merit rather than family connections
What made the admissions policies of the Lycees significant?
Because it provided the government with well-educated and deserving officials. Family connections wasn't a factor anymore
Disregarded Changes
Introduced by the Revolution, one cause was religion
Religion: Religion was a powerful source of power
Both the clergy and many peasants wanted to restore the position of the Church in France
Concordant: An agreement
Responding to the people's wishes, Napoleon signed a concordant with Pope Pius VII
Established a new relationship between the church and state
In general, did Napoleon make the French government stronger or weaker?
He made the French government stronger and more unified. He established many new relationships and systems for France
Biography of Pope Pius
What caused Napoleon to reach an agreement with the Pope?
The Concordant caused and helped him reach an agreement
Recognized the influence of the Church, but rejected Church control in national affairs
Napoleon thought that his greatest work was his comprehensive system of laws, known as the Napoleonic Code
Limited liberty and promoted order and authority over individual rights
Napoleon Crowned as Emperor
In 1804, Napoleon decided to make himself an emperor
The French voters supported him
December 2, 1804
Napoleon walked down the long aisle of Notre Dame Cathedral
Dressed in a splendid robe of purple velvet
Why did he wear a rope of purple velvet?
Because it was a sign of wealth and certain opulence
The Pope waited for him with a glittering crown
Thousands of people watched as Napoleon took the crown and placed it on his own head
Napoleon signaled that he was more powerful than the Church
Leadership: Napoleon crowned himself as an emperor and lead the country
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