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Ethnic Differences in Achievement (INTERNAL FACTORS (Ethnocentric…
Ethnic Differences in Achievement
EXTERNAL FACTORS
BERNSTEIN/BEREITER
: Linguistic and intellectual skills. The language they have been taught is inadequate for school. Restricted code. Swann Report (1985) shows that not being able to speak English is not a huge factor. Mizra and Indian pupils.
ATTITUDES & VALUES
: They do not have the attitudes and values for educational success. Black families socialise their children into a 'live for today attitude'
MOYNIHAN
: Many black families are headed by a lone parent, most likely the mother. Struggle financially due to lack of male breadwinner. Murray: lack of role model and discipline.
PRYCE
: Asians have been socialised into tolerating racism due to higher self esteem whereas black children (afro-carribean) are more likely to let it affect them
LUPTON
: Asian families mainly Chinese have a positive work ethic and high expectations. They are socialised to respect their elders and therefore fit into a school environment well.
SEWELL
: Lack of 'tough love' black boys are likely to turn to street gangs in order to find loyalty and love due to the absence of a fatherly figure. They also turn to role models from the rap culture which promote anti school values. Lack ambition.
CRITICISMS
DRIVER
: Ignores positive factors such as black girls have a positive role model which promotes independency and being strong. They do better in school.
LAWRENCE:
Criticises Pryce. Black boys fail because of racism, not self esteem issues.
KEDDIE:
they are culturally different not deprived. Education pose a dominant white culture. Multi cultural ed is the answer.
PALMER
: Almost half of ethnic minority children live in low income households. Opposed to 1/4 of white children
2 x likely to be unemployed. 3 x more likely to be homeless, engaged in shift work, impoverished areas, Muslim women cannot work, lack of language skills, racial discrimination
FLAHERTY
: Found that Pakistanis and Bangladeshis are the poorest fifth of the population
Whilst material factors have an influence on an ethnic minority child's education, the poverty comes from another factor: racism.
MASON:
Discrimination is a continuing and persistent feature of British citizens of minority ethnic origin
REX:
Shows how racial discrimination leads to social exclusion and how it worsens poverty. Esp in housing as discrimination leads to poor housing
WOOD ET AL
: Discrete job discrimination, he used surnames associated with different ethnic groups and only 1 in 16 were offered an interview so more likely to face unemployment and low paid jobs.
INTERNAL FACTORS
Ethnocentric Curriculum
Labelling: Racialised Expectations
Marketisation and Segregation
Pupil Subcultures: Fuller, Mac an Ghail, Mizra
Institutionalised Racism
CULTURAL DEPRIVATION
MATERIAL DEPRIVATION
RACISM IN SOCIETY