Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
antibiotics and antibiotic resistance (Determination of resistance (MIC=…
antibiotics and antibiotic resistance
definitions
What are antibiotics?
Naturally produced chemical agents
Fungi produced
Bacterial produced
Semi-artificial
Altered natural
Synthetic
Empirirc
infections treatments not yet identified
More broad spectrum use
Prophlaxis vs Metaphylaxis
Prophlaxys
Preemtive use to prevent infection
Metaphylaxis
to prevent spread of infection
Withdrawal period and antibiotic residues
Maximum residue limits (MRL)
Mechanisms of action
want "magic bullets"
Not harmful to non pathogenic cells
-Cidal or -static
Dose dependant
Narrow spectrum Vs broad spectrum
Impact on antimicrobial resistance
A resistance does not develop in the pathogen during treatment, with the only exceptions of fluoroquinolones and rifampicin
Narrow spectrum is always better than broad spectrum
Determination of resistance
colour targeting
culture, innoculan, antibiotic introduction,
MIC= minimum inhibitory concentration
Defined as the min. conc. of the chemical that prevents the growth of bacteria
Direct detection
Whole genome sequencing
Targets of antibiotics
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Types of resistance
Inherent
Acquired
mutation
horizontal
Mechanisms of resistance
Decreased permeability
Efflux pumps
inactivation
enzymes that breakdown drug
Aktered target
types of antibiotics
Beta-lactams
Penicillin binding proteins
Penicillins
Natural
Amino penicillins
Broken down by Beta-lactamases
Beta-lactase inhibitor to counter the enzyme
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Beta-Lactam resistance
Beta-lactameses with expanded activity
aminoglycosides
often used in combination