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CVD and risk (Risk (Risk Factors: (Genetics (If more genetically likely to…
CVD and risk
Risk
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Overestimating the risk of an event if:
- Is out of your control
- Occurs over the short-term
Underestimating the risk of an event if:
- Is done voluntarily by you
- Occurs over the long-term
- Is an accident
- Is common
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Risk Factors:
Genetics
If more genetically likely to have damage to your endothelium lining then you have a higher risk of getting CVD
Does not mean you will definitely get CVD but increase your risk in addition to your lifestyle factors
Diet
High fat diet and high salt diets increase the chance that an atheroma will develop and therefore increases the risk of CVD
Age
The atheroma takes time to build up and therefore it is more likely to lead to heart disease later in life
Gender
Males are more likely to get heart disease an oestrogen helps to promote good cholesterol in appose to bad
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Smoking
Smoking contains chemicals which damage the lining of the arteries, which leads to an atheroma
Inactivity
Said to be the largest contributor, physical exercise prevents atheromas from developing and also reduces blood pressure
CVD
LDL
- Formed from saturated fats, proteins and cholesterol
- Transport cholesterol from the liver to blood, where it circulates until needed by cells
- Associated with the formation of atherosclerosis
- Function is to increase cholesterol, when level is too low
HDL
- Formed from unsaturated fats, proteins and cholesterol
- Transport cholesterol from body tissue to liver, where it is recycled or excreted
- Reduces blood cholesterol levels, discourages atherosclerosis
- Should be maintained at a high level