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Ecology and Animal Behavior (Animal Behavior (Learned (Habituation (Defn:…

- - - - Defn: Series of action taken to completion when a stimuli is given.
        
        Example: 1. Greylag goose pulls eggs back to nest if it placed on side of nest. This action is repeated for ball, bulb or anything that looks like an egg.
    - - Defn: Occurs in critical period of life. Here certain action or object is imprinted into memory.
        
        Example: Geese imprints into its mother. Konrad Lorenz took place of the mother geese when they were hatching and they imprinted upon him.
    - - Defn; Any behavior that animal have from day one
        
        Example: 1. Hog-nosed Snakes if messes with can lye on its back and ooze out the dead smell.
        
        Grasping reflex: when we place anything in new born's hand or feet it will try to grasp it.
  - - - Defn: Harmless stimuli is learned to ignore when exposed to them multiple times.
        
        Example: Prairie Dogs learns to ignore humans as they do no harm to them.
    - - Defn: learning by watch other organism and mimicking it.
        
        Examples: 1. Octopus can open jar lid to get food after seeing other octopus doing it.
    - - Defn: Using reward and punishment to teach complex behavior.
        
        Examples: 1. B.f. Skinner box he teaches a rat to perform complex behavior with rewards and punishment.
        
        Teaching Dogs to perform tricks with rewards.
    - - Defn: A type of learning that uses reason, especially to form conclusions, inferences, or judgments, to solve a problem
        
        Examples: 1.As an experiment, a chimpanzee was in a cage and a banana was placed out of reach. He used a stick to retrieve the banana
        
        People will use a chair in order to get high enough to paint the top of the wall.
    - - Defn: with multiple effort one or more stimuli is associated with one or multiple effects.
        
        Examples: Pavlov's Dog: Dogs are taught to salivate with various stimuli not related to food like a bell.
        
        Bears in some reason of north associate bird feeder with food thus they keep on coming back every spring.