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Brain and Special Senses (Structures of the Spinal Cord Approximately 3/4…

- - - - Left (Categorical) Specialized for for language abilities, performing sequential and analytical reasoning tasks, such as those required in science and mathematics. Appears to direct or partition information into smaller fragments for analysis
      - Right (Representational) Concerned with visuo-spatial relationships and analyses. Seat of imagination, insight, musical and artistic skill, perception of patterns and spatial relationships. Comparison of sights, sounds, smells and tastes
    - - Parietal Lies deep to the parietal bone. Involved with general sensory functions, such as evaluating the shape and textures of objects being touched. Primary Somatosensory Cortex and the Somatosensory Association AreaReceives and interprets somatic information from receptors for touch, proprioception and pain.
      - Temporal Lies internal to the temporal bone. Involved in hearing and smell. Primary Auditory Cortex and Auditory Association Area processes and interprets sounds, stores auditory memory. Primary Olfactory Cortexprovides conscious awareness of odors
      - FrontalLies deep to the frontal bone. The frontal lobe is responsible of voluntary motor functions, concentration, verbal communication, decision making, planning and personality.. Primary Motor Cortex Initiates voluntary skeletal muscle activity. Premotor Cortex Plans and coordinates learned, skilled motor activities involving skeletal muscles. Frontal Eye FieldRegulates the skeletal muscles that perform movements for binocular vision. BrocaRegulates skeletal muscles movements involved in speech.
      - OccipitalLies internal to the occiptal bone. Primary Visual Cortex and Visual Association Area are responsible for processing incoming visual information and storing visual memories.
      - InsulaSmall lobe deep to the lateral sulcus. Primary Gustatory Cortex processes taste information and provides conscious awareness of taste.
    - - Wernicke Area Multi-association area helps understand written language
      - Gnosis AreaIntegrates all information being processed in adjacent lobes to provide a comprehensive understanding of a current activity
      - Prefrontal CortexInvolved with higher intellectual functions: concentration, decision making, planing. Personality
    - - Commissural Tracts Extend between the cerebral hemispheres through axon bridges called commissures. Link the left and right hemispheres incude the corpus callosum and the sall anterior and posterior commussure
      - Projection Tracts Link the cerebral cortex to both the inferior brain regions and the spinal cord The fibers (groups of axons) in this tract passing in between the cerebral nuclei and the thalamus is called the internal capsule
      - Association Tracts Conects differents regions of the cerebral cortex within he same hemisphere. Short tracts are composed of arcuate fibers, which connect the neighboring gyri within the same lobe. The longer tracts are longitudinal fasciculi, which connect gyri in different lobes of the same hemisphere