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POINTS OF ATTACK OF BACTERIA BY ANTIBIOTICS (TRANSLATION Protein…
POINTS OF ATTACK OF BACTERIA BY ANTIBIOTICS
CELL WALL SYNTHESIS
Contains
PEPTIDOGLYCANS
: components unique to bacteria
Inhibition of enzyme
TRANSPEPTIDASE
involved in forming cross links between peptidoglycans (peptide bond)
Penicillin
ampicillin
amoxicillin
Vancomycin
BACTERICIDAL
CELL MEMBRANE
Structure and Function
Disrupted integrity of cell membrane
Macromolecules and ions escape from cell
Cell damage and death
MORE TOXIC FOR ANIMAL CELLS
Polymixin
Colistin
BACTERICIDAL
TRANSLATION
Protein Synthesis
Difference in Ribosome Structure
eukaryotes - 80S Ribosomes
prokaryotes - 70S Ribosomes
Tetracylin
Blocks tRNA molecule attachment site on 30S subunit
Erythromycin
Chloramphenicol
Both block 50S subunit, preventing growth pf polypeptide chain
BACTERIOSTATIC
NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS
DNA Synthesis and Replication
Transcription
Organisatio and replication of bacterial DNA and RNA different to that of eukaryotes
DNA
Quinolones (Nalidixic Acid)
Novobiocin
Both act on
DNA GYRASE
, which separates DNA strands during bacterial replication
**RNA
Rifampin**
Interferes with
DNA-dependent RNA POLYMERASE
activity
Prevents RNA synthesis