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New Media & Digital Culture (TEXTS (Higher Education is Not a Mixtape:…
New Media & Digital Culture
KEY CONCEPTS
New Media
Social Shaping of Technology (SST)
: technological advancements are socially-driven
Information Society Theories
: creation, distribution, use, integration and manipulation of information is a significant economic, political, and cultural activity
Informational Capitalism
: information is a capital asset; society is moving from industrial to informational
Actor-Network Theory
: Objects are all part of a social network; relationships are between things & between concepts
Convergence
: process whereby new technologies are accommadated by existing media and communication industries and cultures
Transformation of Higher Education
Online Learning
Asynchronous
Synchronous
Hybrid
Why the University Isn't Dead
The internet does not replace the campus, which goes beyond just course content
"Sefl-governing community"
Online education has not been proven to be as effective
Kranzberg's First Law
: "Technology is neither good, nor bad, nor is it neutral."
Technological Singularity
: the point at which artificial intelligence becomes autonomous and events become "unpredictable or even unfathomable to human intelligence"
Network Theory
small worlds
strength of weak ties
hubs and connectors
power laws of distribution
Games, Technology, Industry, Culture
Six Features of Games
Rules
Variable, Quantifiable Outcomes
Valorisation of Outcomes
Player Effort
Player-Attached Outcome
-Negotiable Consequences
Types of Games
Arcade
Console
PC-Based
Handheld
Mobile
Social Media
Gamification
: applying game characteristics to non-gaming contexts
Social Networking
Social Capital
Bridging
: weaker bonds; acquaintances
Bonding
: strong bonds between family and community members
Linking
: connection to those at differing levels of power
Public Sphericles
: network for communicating information and points of view
Film Theory & Criticism
Cinematography
-
ANGLE OF VIEW
High Angle
Low Angle
Rear View
Direct View (Gaze)
Cinematography
-
QUALITY
Contrast
Color
Depth of Field (Deep & Shallow Focus)
The Gaze
: term derived from film theory describing "ways in which viewers look at images of people"
Forms
Spectator's
Intra-diagetic
Extra-diagetic
Look of the camer
Directions
Attention directed towards:
Other people
An Object
Oneself
The reader/camera/viewr
Middle distance
Something not discernable
Relationships
Reciprocal
Divergent
Object-oriented
Semi-reciprocal
Four Levels of Meaning
Referential
Explicit
Implicit
Symptomatic
Formalist
- Narrative
Realist
- Reality
Contextualist
- Broader context
Determinism
Technology is the basis for all human activity. Technological development determines social change and history.
Strong Determinism
Technology develops independently from social concerns
Organized to "meet the needs of technology"
Technology is autonomous
Weak Determinism
More accepted than strong determinism views
Technology still guides evolution; free will to adopt
"A new device merely opens a door; it does not compel one to enter"
IMPORTANT FIGURES
Marshall McLuhan
: "The medium is the message"; his career focused on understanding the effects of technology as it related to pop culture and how this in turn affected human beings and their relations with one another in communities
Neil Postman
: "The uses made of technology are largely determined by the structure of the technology itself, that is, that its functions follow from its form"; focused on theories focused around technology and education. He believes technology is a double-edged sword.
Walter Ong
: "More than any other single invention, writing has transformed human consciousness"; he explores some of the profound changes in our thought processes, personality and social structures which are the result, at various stages of our history, of the development of speech, writing and print. He also analyses the age of mass electronic communications.
Karl Marx
: "The hand mill gives you society with the feudal lord: the steam-mill, society with the industrial capitalist"; He strongly criticized the political and cultural establishments
Kurzweil
- Inventor, futurist, and transhumanist who proposed the "law of accelerating return"
Raymond Williams
: major forerunner of contemporary cultural studies; influential Marxist critic
Clay Shirky :
He argues that the history of the modern world could be rendered as the history of ways of arguing, where changes in media change what sort of arguments are possible — with deep social and political implications
Melvin Kranzberg :
He is a scholar that helped establish the study of the history of technology and its impact on society.
TEXTS
Higher Education is Not a Mixtape
: an article written by Derek Newton. He discusses how the deliverance and technology of education has impacted its quality.
Connected, But Alone
: is a TEDTalk narrated by Sherry Turkle. She discusses how technology is disconnecting us from immediate interactions. She discusses how technology is becoming a problem in our society.
Tools of the Mind
: is an article written by Nicholas Carr. Carr discusses how changes in society will result in changes in technology. He also discusses the four different categories and how technology is an expression of human will.
Google-Knowing
: written by Michael Patrick Lynch who conducts an experiment to tell his audience most knowing is knowledge acquired online and as humans we trust the source
Our Digital Form of Life
: is an article written by Michael Patrick Lynch who introduces a new term called neuromedia where a device is inserted inside of the brain. He also includes discussions that emphasize people's obsession over technology.
Social Shaping of Technology (SST)
: written by Jiyan Wei who discusses how technology has become essential to society's functions and how we are being shaped to adapt to technological changes instead of shaping technology ourselves.
Technological Determinism
: written by Daniel Chandler who introduces the theoratical stances of determinism. He discusses how technology is a tool of transition for lifestyle changes. Chandler mentions two different types of determinism: strong and weak.
The Internet Debate
: is a debate between authors Shirky, Carr, and Poundstone. The three authors make distinct arguments about how the internet affects us.
The Social Debate
: written between Larry Rosen and Keith Hampton. The two authors argue over whether technology makes people less sociable or if technology benefits and enhances relationships.
The Medium is the Message
: is an article written by Todd Kappelman who introduces his audiences to Marshal McLuhan's life. Kappelman also discusses advertising and how it takes away from real life interactions.
Bored & Brilliant
: is an audio recording that discusses how boredom is important when being creative. It also mentions how phones are taking away boredom.
A Brief History of Liberal Education
: is an article written by Zakaria that discusses the transformations liberal education and what it has to offer. Zakaria also mentions the history behind education.
Why Online Games Make Players Act Like Psychopaths
: is an article written by Ryan Rigney utilizes video games to emphasize the similarities of traits formed from them much like a psychopath would have.
What is New Media?
written by Bailey Socha and Barbara Eber-Schmid. The two authors create a clear representation of what is considered new media. They addressed the role that new media plays in our society's economics, politics, and ideology.
The Accidental Universe
: is written by Alan Lightman who establishes a relationship between nature and technology. He also mentions that there will always be people who embrace technology and people who don't.
Mastering Memory
: is an article written by Rumsey that discusses how technology is impacting human intellect and our perception regarding knowledge.
Film Theory and Analysis
: is an article written by Christopher P. Jacobs that discusses how movies are broken down and examined and the ideological meaning behind them.
Notes on 'The Gaze'
: written by Daniel Chandler who defines 'the gaze'. He provides the many different forms, relationships, and theories revolve around 'the gaze'.
Augmented Reality
: is a speech given by Meron Gribetz that tells his audience that technology is used as both a separator and a tool that binds people together. He also introduces a new device .
Virtual Reality 101
is an article written primarily to discuss the different features of virtual reality and the many different options to choose from
Games Learning and Literacy
: a video narrated by James Paul Gee. He speaks about the different types of assessments in schools and compares school to video games. He also discusses a type of learning he believes very strongly in: situated and embodied learning
Her: Needs & Desires
: is a video that reveals all of the underlying film techniques used in the film "Her".