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L PNA (Medical Management (Sepsis/Bacteremia (Diagnostic Testing (Blood…
L PNA
Medical Management
Sepsis/Bacteremia
Diagnostic Testing
Blood tests - looking for evidence of infection, clotting, abnormal liver or kidney function, impaired O2 availability, electrolyte imbalances
Other laboratory tests: Urine, respiratory secretions, Imaging if the site of infection is not obvious (X-ray, CT, US, MRI)
Treatment
Medications: (Antibiotics) Primaxin IV, Meropenem, Piperacillin-tazobactam, [Ampicillin]
PNA
Diagnostic Testing
Chest radiography, sputum culture, respiratory sounds, high-resolution computed tomography, Bronchoalveolar lavage, blood tests
Treatment
Medications: glucocorticoids, macrolide, amoxicillin, acetaminophen, penicillin
Pathophysiology
PNA:
Bacterial infection enters the lungs (possibly from smoking) --> Increased mucus production and decreased ciliary function
Bacteria multiplies and colonizes (Bacteria likes the environment of mucus)
Increased capillary permeability (more fluids allowed to cross the capillary membrane) --> Can cause the bacteria to enter into the bloodstream --> Leads to
bacteremia
The bacteria in the bloodstream starts to spread to neighboring structures causing
sepsis
Leads to
organ failure
Symptoms:
Fever, Tachypnea, dyspnea, hypoxemia, tachycardia, cough with sputum production, Decreased throacic expansion, pain when taking a deep breath
Due to the increased amount of mucus and fluid in the lungs --> there is a decreased amount of O2 that go out to the blood and tissues
Increases work on the heart to pump blood through the lungs
Heart is unable to pump sufficient CO to maintain blood flow to meet the body’s metabolic demands --> leads to
heart failure
