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EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION (1500-1700) (MASTERY OF THE SEAS (NAVIGATIONAL…
EXPLORATION AND EXPANSION (1500-1700)
COLUMBUS:
Columbus: Christopher. Spanish name Cristóbal Colón, Italian name Cristoforo Colombo. 1451–1506, Italian navigator and explorer in the service of Spain, who discovered the New World (1492)
WANTED TO DISCOVER NEW ROUTE TO INDIA:
SPICES:
Spices: Any of a class of pungent or aromatic substances of vegetable origin, as pepper, cinnamon, or cloves, used as seasoning, preservatives, etc.
UNKNOWINGLY DICOVERED AMERICA:
ECONOMIC GROWTH:
Economic: Pertaining to the production, distribution, and use of income, wealth, and commodities.
Growth: The act or process, or a manner of growing; development; gradual increase.
Growing: Becoming greater in quantity, size, extent, or intensity.
RELIGIOUS EXPANSION:
Religious: Of, relating to, or concerned with religion
Religion: A set of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe, especially when considered as the creation of a superhuman agency or agencies, usually involving devotional and ritual observances, and often containing a moral code governing the conduct of human affairs
Expansion: The act or process of expanding.
Expand: To increase in extent, size, volume, scope, etc.
OTTOMANS:
Ottoman: Of or relating to the lands, peoples, and possessions of the Ottoman Empire.
Ottoman Empire: A former Turkish empire that was founded about 1300 by Osman and reached its greatest territorial extent under Suleiman in the 16th century; collapsed after World War I.
Capital: Constantinople.
Also called Turkish Empire.
Empire: A group of nations or peoples ruled over by an emperor, empress, or other powerful sovereign or government: usually a territory of greater extent than a kingdom, as the former British Empire, French Empire, Russian Empire, Byzantine Empire, or Roman Empire.
HAD CONTROL OVER TRADING ROUTES:
Control: To exercise restraint or direction over; dominate; command
Trade: The act or process of buying, selling, or exchanging commodities, at either wholesale or retail, within a country or between countries
Route: A course, way, or road for passage or travel
EUROPEANS TO DISCOVER NEW TRADING ROUTES:
Europeans: Native to or derived from Europe
Discover: To see, get knowledge of, learn of, find, or find out; gain sight or knowledge of (something previously unseen or unknown)
New: Of recent origin, production, purchase, etc.; having but lately come or been brought into being
Trade: The act or process of buying, selling, or exchanging commodities, at either wholesale or retail, within a country or between countries
Route: A course, way, or road for passage or travel
THE AMERICAS
AFRICA:
ASIA:
MASTERY OF THE SEAS
CARTOGRAPHY:
Cartography: The production of maps, including construction of projections, design, compilation, drafting, and reproduction.
PORTOLANI:
Portolani: A descriptive atlas of the Middle Ages, giving sailing directions and providing charts showing rhumb lines and the location of ports and various coastal features.
MILITARY TECHNOLOGY:
Military: Of, for, or pertaining to the army or armed forces, often as distinguished from the navy
Technology: The branch of knowledge that deals with the creation and use of technical means and their interrelation with life, society, and the environment, drawing upon such subjects as industrial arts, engineering, applied science, and pure science.
HORSES:
Horse: A large, solid-hoofed, herbivorous quadruped, Equus caballus, domesticated since prehistoric times, bred in a number of varieties, and used for carrying or pulling loads, for riding, and for racing.
GUNPOWDER:
Gunpowder: An explosive mixture, as of potassium nitrate, sulfur, and charcoal, used in shells and cartridges, in fireworks, for blasting, etc.
NAVIGATIONAL TECHNOLOGY:
Navigation: The act or process of navigating.
Navigating: To move on, over, or through (water, air, or land) in a ship or aircraft
Technology: The branch of knowledge that deals with the creation and use of technical means and their interrelation with life, society, and the environment, drawing upon such subjects as industrial arts, engineering, applied science, and pure science.
COMPASS:
Compass: An instrument for determining directions, as by means of a freely rotating magnetized needle that indicates magnetic north.
NAVIGATION QUADRANT:
Navigation: Navigation: The act or process of navigating.
Navigating: To move on, over, or through (water, air, or land) in a ship or aircraft
Quadrant: An instrument, usually containing a graduated arc of 90°, used in astronomy, navigation, etc., for measuring altitudes.
ASTROLABE:
Astrolabe: An astronomical instrument for taking the altitude of the sun or stars and for the solution of other problems in astronomy and navigation: used by Greek astronomers from about 200 b.c. and by Arab astronomers from the Middle Ages until superseded by the sextant.
STERNPOST RUDDER:
Sternpost: An upright member rising from the after end of a keel; a rudderpost or propeller post.
Rudder: A vertical blade at the stern of a vessel that can be turned horizontally to change the vessel's direction when in motion.
THE AMERICAS
ESTABLISHMENT OF COLONIES:
Colony: A group of people who leave their native country to form in a new land a settlement subject to, or connected with, the parent nation.
DUTCH:
FRENCH:
SPANISH:
ENGLISH:
PORTUGUESE:
DISEASES:
Disease: A disordered or incorrectly functioning organ, part, structure, or system of the body resulting from the effect of genetic or developmental errors, infection, poisons, nutritional deficiency or imbalance, toxicity, or unfavorable environmental factors; illness; sickness; ailment.
MEASLES:
Measles: an acute infectious disease occurring mostly in children, characterized by catarrhal and febrile symptoms and an eruption of small red spots; rubeola.
EPIDEMICS:
Epidemics: A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.
SMALLPOX:
Smallpox: An acute, highly contagious, febrile disease, caused by the variola virus, and characterized by a pustular eruption that often leaves permanent pits or scars: eradicated worldwide by vaccination programs.
SYPHILIS:
Syphilis: A chronic bacterial disease that is contracted chiefly by infection during sexual intercourse, but also congenitally by infection of a developing fetus.
TRADE:
Trade: The act or process of buying, selling, or exchanging commodities, at either wholesale or retail, within a country or between countries
WHEAT:
CATTLE:
PIGS:
TOMATOES:
POTATOES:
SHEEP:
CORN:
NATIVE POPULATION:
Native: Being the place or environment in which a person was born or a thing came into being
Population: The total number of persons inhabiting a country, city, or any district or area
AFRICAN SLAVE TRADE:
Slave: A person who is the property of and wholly subject to another; a bond servant.
Trade: The act or process of buying, selling, or exchanging commodities, at either wholesale or retail, within a country or between countries
