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Developmental Psychology (Module 47: Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive…

- - - - Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) - physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking. In severe cases, signs include a small, out of proportion head and abnormal facial feautures
- - - - Sensorimotor Stage - the stage (From birth to about age to) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities
      - Object Permanence - the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived
    - - Preoperational Stage - the stage (from about age 2 to 6/7) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic
      - Conservation - the principle (part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects
      - Egocentrism - the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view
    - - Concrete Operational Stage - the stage of cognitive development (from age 6/7 to 11) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts
    - - Formal Operational Stage - the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts
- - - - Critical Period - an optimal period early in the life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development
      - Imprinting - the process by which certain animals form strong attachments during an early-life critical period