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INTERMOLECULAR FORCES # # (3. (London) Dispersion Forces (Dispersion…
INTERMOLECULAR FORCES # #
1.Dipole - Dipole Forces
This occurs when attractive forces between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule are present.
HCl molecules, for example, have a dipole moment because the hydrogen atom has a slight positive charge and the chlorine atom has a slight negative charge.
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2. Ion - Dipole Forces
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The oxygen atom in the water molecule has a slight negative charge and is attracted to the positive sodium ion while the hydrogen atom has slight positive charge and is attracted to the negative chlorine ion. These intermolecular ion-dipole forces are much weaker than covalent or ionic bonds.
Cation Sodium Ion- Violet (+) ->> Oxygen Atom - Red (-) Anion Chlorine Ion- Green (-) ->> Hydrogen Atom - White (+)
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4. Hydrogen Bonds
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A hydrogen bond is a strong intermolecular force created by the relative positivity of hydrogen atoms.
It is created created when a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom approaches a nearby electronegative atom. Furthermore, greater electronegativity of the hydrogen bond acceptor will lead to an increase in hydrogen-bond strength. The hydrogen bond is one of the strongest intermolecular attractions, but weaker than a covalent or an ionic bond..
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