Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
2.4 BIOMES, ZONATION AND SUCCESSION (Zonation (Temperature (decreases with…
2.4 BIOMES, ZONATION AND SUCCESSION
Biomes
-
5 types: aquatic, deserts, forests, grassland, tundra
Temperature hotter near equator, colder near the pole
-
Succession
-
Primary succession
Bare, inorganic surface: lifeless abiotic environment available for colonization
1 Colonization: First species to colonize (pioneers), typically r-selected species (small sizes, short life cycle, rapid growth)
2 Establishment; Species diversity increases. Invertebrates visit and lives in soil. Weathering enriches soil with nutrients
3 Competition: Microclimate continues to change, larger plants increase cover & provide shelter, enables k-selected species to be established.
4 Stabilization: Fewer new species colonize as late colonizers established shading out early ones. Complex food webs develop. K-selected (longer life cycles, delayed reproduction, larger)
Climax community: stable, self perpetuating. Exists in steady stae dynamic equilibrium.
R-strategist
Short life, rapid growth, early maturity
Many small offspring, little/no parental care, adaptable in unstable environment
Pioneers, colonizers, prey, lower trophic level
Ex: annual plants, bacteria, beetles
K-strategist
Long life, slow growth, late maturity
Fewer large offspring, high parental care, adaptable in stable environment
Later stages of succession, predators, higher trophic levels
-
Zonation
The change in community along an environmental gradient due to factors such as changes in altitude, latitude, tidal level
-
Precipitation
middle altitudes have high precipitation, air is too dry higher up
Solar insolation
more intense at higher altitudes, plants have red pigments on leaves to protect
Soil type
decomposition faster in warmer soil (deeper & fertile), higher up, soil tend to be acidic
-
-
-
-