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Bacteremia TMO (Wang et al. 2015 (Results (In these patients, a total of…

- - - - In the GNB, E coli was the most common bloodstream isolates (n 1⁄4 36, 47.4%) followed by K pneumoniae (n 1⁄4 24, 31.6%) and then S maltophilia (n 1⁄4 3, 3.5%) and P aeruginosa (n 1⁄4 3, 3.5%),
      - For GPB, coagulase- negative Staphylococcus spp. (n 1⁄4 20, 68.9%) were most com- monly documented followed by Enterococcus (n 1⁄4 3, 10.3%) and S aureus (n 1⁄4 2, 6.9%)
      - More importantly, besides S maltophilia isolates, a total of 9 isolated were resistant to carbapenem with an incidence of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE) as high as 12.3% (9/73) mostly documented in K pneumoniae (4/24, 16.7%) and other Enterobacteriaceae
- - - - CB 5.02 URD 2.41 RIC 0.25 URD 3.66 NC dose (cont) 0.91
    - - For patients with BSI, the crude mortality rates 30 days after transplantation and 30 days after the last episode of BSI were 5.5% (6/109 patients) and 8.2% (9/109 patients),
      - The crude mortality at day 30 for patients with no BSI was 1.1% (4 deaths in 412 transplantations), which was significantly lower than that for patients with BSI (P = 0.01 compared with mortality 30 days after transplantation,
      - The attributable mortality in patients with isolates of CoNS of unclear significance and no other BSI was 0% (0/22). Crude mortality 30 days after transplantation was 0% (0/22), and crude mortality 30 days after positive blood culture was 4.5% (1/22).
    - - Viridans streptococci (34% of all isolates), CoNS (26%), and Enterococcus species (14%)
      - The incidence of BSI with viridans streptococci was significantly higher in patients receiv- ing MAC than in patients receiving RIC (12.4% vs. 2.7%, P < 0.001).
      - E. coli was the main gram-negative finding, account- ing for 9 of 17 isolates
- - - - CoNS were the most commonly isolated GPB, while Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most commonly isolated GNB.
      - The distribution of GPB/GNB ratio over the years was 1.5 (3/2) in 2007, 3.8 (19/5) in 2008, 3 (24/8) in 2009, 6.5 (13/2) in 2010, 3 (6/2) in 2011, 2.8 (14/5) in 2012, and 2.8 (17/6) in 2013,
      - With regard to the effect of mucositis, most patients in this cohort developed mucositis of Bearman’s grade II–IV, and therefore, we could not analyze the effect of mucositis on the GPB/GNB ratio.
      - Among 70 pre-engraftment BSI, death was attribut- able to BSI in 6 (8.6%) (2 with P. aeruginosa, and 1 each with Klebsiella pneumoniae, S. maltophilia, Pseudomo- nas picketti, and Trichosporon asahii).
      - Overall survival at day 180 was 78.5% (95% CI: 72.3– 83.5%). Overall survival did not differ significantly between patients with and without BSI (73.4% vs. 82.6%, P = 0.08) (Fig. 2A). However, pre-engraftment BSI was associated with an increased risk of death (70.0% vs. 82.7%, P = 0.02) (Fig. 2B). Survival was similar for patients with or without post-engraftment BSI (79.4% vs. 84.5%, P = 0.44) (Fig. 2C).
      - Risk factors for BSI
        
        time >261 days from diagnosis to HSCT, high-risk disease status at HSCT, myeloablative conditioning, type of transplant, and engraftment failure
        
        A multi- variate analysis by backward stepwise Fine and Gray proportional-hazard modeling showed that >261 days from diagnosis to HSCT (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.33–3.53, P = 0.001), engraftment failure (HR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.25–3.21, P = 0.003), and high-risk disease status at HSCT (HR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.23–3.08, P = 0.004) were associated with a significantly higher incidence of pre-engraftment BSI