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DNA structure&replication (RNA (mRNA (carry protein - building info.)…
DNA structure&replication
karyotype
22 pairs of autosomes
1 pair of sex chromosomes
DNA
double helix
histones
nucleosome
supercoil
tight helical fiber
structure
polymer (made up of repeating nucleotide monomers)
phosphate
base
deoxyribose sugar
4 nucleotides
pyrimidines
C-Cytosine
T-Thymidine
purines
A-Adenine
G-Guanine
hydrogen bonding
genetic code
triplet codes for each amino acid
condensation reaction
protein (peptide bond)
mutations
alteration in the amino acid sequence
affect the folding
tertiary structure of th protein
non-functioning
replication (semi-conservative; during interphase)
controlled by enzymes
helicase - unwind
DNA polymerase 3 (5'-3)'
leading strand
lagging strand
Okazaki fragments
DNA ligase (join okazaki fragments together)
replication bubbles
RNA
sugar = ribose (has 1 extra oxygen)
U-Uracil
single strand
much smaller
mRNA
carry protein - building info.
tRNA
deliver amino acids to ribosomes